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西南电力市场水火不济都受伤

2017-05-22 12:36:23   经济参考报

原标题:西南电力市场水火不济都受伤

自2016年下半年以来,受电煤铁路、水路运输通道制约、全国煤炭产能下降、煤炭价格大幅上涨、本地电煤供应严重不足等综合因素影响,重庆、贵州的电煤供应形势一度非常紧张。电煤成本高企与发电收入锐减,导致当地发电企业大面积亏损。

而纵观整个西南地区,一边是四川、云南的水电严重弃水,一边是重庆、贵州的电煤供应危机——相邻的四省市,电力市场却呈现“水火两重天”的局面。

业内人士指出,我国资源分布同生产力发展格局严重不相匹配,尤需在国家层面上实现资源优化配置。立足国家利益、打破省际壁垒已是能源革命的当务之急。

电煤供应拉响“红色警报”

在重庆市和贵州省,煤与电长期对立,而电煤价格一直是双方博弈的焦点。在2011年电煤供应紧张致使火电发电量减少后,2016年,电煤供应再次出现紧张局面,煤电关系再现对立。

去年至今,受煤炭需求增加、来水减少等影响,素有“江南煤海”之称的贵州,煤炭价格大幅上涨、电煤供应紧张,电厂存煤大幅下降,上游煤价上涨叠加下游电价下降,一些电厂亏损严重,部分机组被迫停运,外送电量被迫调减。

贵州省能源局有关负责人说,受煤炭需求增加、来水减少、去产能控产量等因素影响,去年下半年开始煤炭市场出现较大波动,煤炭日产量去年9月份探底至19万吨,日供电煤量只有8万吨。

该负责人介绍,电煤告急以来,贵州省成立了省煤炭生产供应调度指挥办公室,挂图作战、挂牌督战。2016年下半年将占全省煤炭产量60%以上的9家国有企业和20家骨干民营企业纳入重点调度。并拨付了奖补资金6亿元用于煤炭生产及保障,省级财政还安排专项资金补助煤矿技术改造、设备更新和转型升级贴息贷款。同时,加快证照办理,延长企业采矿许可证时间,加速释放有效产能。

在2016年的最后一天,贵州省能源局、贵州省经信委等部门组织煤炭、火电发电企业等在贵阳签订电煤生产供应和采购责任书,动员双方签订电煤供需中长期合同。

而针对今年2月份以来贵州电煤进入红色预警的严峻局面,南方电网按照“以煤定电”的原则安排贵州送电,1月至4月调减贵州外送电量81亿千瓦时,并充分利用通道能力增加云电送出。同时,密切跟踪贵州电煤供应情况,依靠贵州省政府组织各火电厂继续加大电煤采购力度,提高电厂电煤存量,加强机组运行维护和超低排放改造工作,公司最大限度降低电煤供应不足对电力供应产生的影响。

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