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评论:快递涨价未必是坏事 有助抑制快递消费过快增长

2017-05-19 16:03:53   

快递涨价未必是坏事

□ 杨于泽

有报道称,圆通、申通等6家快递公司纷纷发布《关于全网派费调整的通知》,要求所有派件网点的派件费上调0.15元/票,实施时间均为6月1日。舆论目前最关心的是,国内快递价格是否会跟着涨。

派件费是快递公司发件网点支付给派件网点的费用,一般由发件网点付给总部,再由总部付给派件网点。因此派件费上涨可以理解为快递公司内部费用涨价。据行业人士解释,提高派件费一是可以支持网点的建设运营,二是可以提高快递员的收入水平。

快递公司提高派件费,包括提高快递员的收入,迟早会导致快递价格上涨。据说各快递公司目前尚未决定提高收件价格,快递费暂时是稳定的。但既然派件价格上涨了,快递员收入提高了,也就意味着快递公司成本上升,则快递业凭什么不涨价呢?有人会说,快递公司应当内部消化成本。但这种内部消化能力不是无限的,涨价恐怕只是时间问题。

很多人会觉得,快递业务只是一件简单体力劳动,收入高了说不过去。这很容易使我们想起以前“脑体倒挂”的说法,认为脑力劳动者工资低于体力劳动者或者白领工资低于蓝领,就不正常。这是一种轻视体力劳动的思维。其实在一些发达国家,各行业收入鸿沟消失,有些蓝领工种早就高收入了。比如在美国,管子工、码头工人的收入如果超过大学教授,也不是稀奇事。

有时候,涨不涨价似乎成了一个道德问题。但最终决定快递业是否涨价的,只能是市场,而不是用户的道德意识与愿望。内部消化派件费提价,必须以快递公司能够内部消化为前提。但是谁有调查研究得来的数据,能够证明他们具有这种内部消化能力?成本的转嫁是以成本是否增加,以及市场主体有没有能力转嫁为归依的,而提价就是快递公司转嫁成本的能力。

有人指责快递公司“串通提价”,构成市场垄断和价格垄断。这种嫌疑的确是不能排除的,但也有迹象表明,现在的快递价格是过低了。快递价格过低的一个有力证据是,现在快递这种物流形式被中国人滥用了。网购被国际公认为中国的新“四大发明”之首,快递送货在中国最普及,其“负外部性”已经相当明显且严重。

这里仅举两例:一是快递车辆在街头、小区横冲直撞,已经引发很多人的担忧;二是快递业的包装材料已经造成严重环境负担。据国家邮政局统计,2014年全国139.6亿件快递件,共消耗约140亿张快递运单、20亿条编织袋、55.84亿个塑料袋、21亿个封套、67亿个包装箱、114.5亿米胶带、20.1亿个内部填充物,全部变成生活垃圾。

快递如何绿色化,已经成为一个时代命题。办法暂时还没有想出来,但抑制快递消费倒是一个现实路径。快递给人们带来便捷,但这种便捷不宜被滥用,至少不宜以低价鼓励快递消费恶性膨胀。当政府想抑制能源消费的时候,办法是提高油价。快递涨价,有利于抑制快递消费过快增长,从而形成新的市场均衡。政府要做的就是用好价格这个杠杆。

(作者为本报评论员)

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