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IMF:亚太经济增长前景全球最强

2017-05-19 16:03:02   经济参考报

18日,国际货币基金组织(IMF)在其最新发布的2017年《亚洲及太平洋地区经济展望》中表示,亚太地区的经济增长前景是全球最强劲的,但也受到了多种挑战的威胁。

过去亚洲为世界经济增长贡献了三分之二的动力,这种趋势仍然会持续。亚洲作为一个整体,其经济增长率比全球经济增长快了约两个百分点。而在亚洲的经济增长强劲势头当中,中国仍然会扮演非常重要的角色。

报告将2017年日本经济增长预测上调至1.2%,比前一年向上修正近0.75%,但2018年日本经济增长会放缓至0.6%,原因是现有的财政刺激政策不会再出现,只有看到日本市场中有更多的工资上涨的信号,才能认可日本就业市场以及劳动力市场完全的复苏。

由于总统更迭问题,报告下调了韩国的经济增长率,但认为随着新总统大选尘埃落定,消费者信心有望很快回升。报告认为,印度换钞带来的货币替换效应即将结束,因此上调了其2017-2018年的经济增长预测,2018年印度经济增长有望达到7.7%。报告还预计,今明两年中国经济增长率分别为6.6%和6.2%。

报告认为,在亚洲增长方面,可以看到强劲内需的身影,虽然对亚洲来说出口贸易仍非常重要,但现在亚洲真正的增长已经是靠私人消费以及内需来拉抬。虽然出口值在亚洲以及全球都非常强劲,但是从出口量来看,如果根据价格进行调整的话,其实并没有那么强劲。报告认为,大宗商品价格走强的持续性需要观察。

国际货币基金组织驻华代表处副首席代表Raphael Lam在发布会上表示,2017年、2018年的全球经济增长已经做了上调,但增长态势是短期的,中期会有一些风险,其中包括世界各地的生产力低迷和生产力增长低迷的现状。在亚太地区,尽管经济增长非常强劲,但也存在不少下行的风险。

他表示,很多因素都会影响经济增长前景,尤其是发达经济体在经历危机之后,修复程度并不相同,而新兴市场则仍处于再平衡的过程中。他认为,从2016年到2022年的中期全球经济增长预测中,发达经济体、新兴经济体都是上扬的,但也可以看到一些风险,比如全球经济一体化面临的威胁(虽然最近几个月稍微有所缓和),另外美国宏观经济政策组合仍然充满不确定性。

负责撰写《亚洲及太平洋地区经济展望》报告的国际货币基金组织亚太局以及区域研究司司长Salgado表示,中国经济正在努力实现再平衡,也就是经济增长从投资拉动转向消费拉动,这个转型和过渡非常关键,中国必须经过阵痛才能成为更加可持续的经济体。

他表示,转型对于中国和世界来说都很重要。国际货币基金组织十分支持中国这样的举措。但是,中国的转型可能比预期的更加颠簸一些,尤其要注意信贷增长过快的问题。

在其他风险方面,他认为,未富先老的问题构成巨大挑战;生产力增长放缓成为全球问题,也是亚洲必须面对的问题;全球金融条件收紧,美国联邦基金利率正在上升,今年还会进一步提高,市场预期美联储还会降息两次。尽管亚洲资本流动的波动性迄今表现尚好,但是亚洲利率存在进一步上行的压力。

他说,在亚洲国家中,中国和日本的经济增长态势非常强劲,欧盟地区也很强劲。美国虽然一季度经济增长比较疲软,但是一些数据显示,二季度美国经济可能回升。此外,法国大选的结果使得市场对“向内看”的担忧有所减弱。

报告建议,多年来一直强调的财政、货币和结构性政策三管齐下的方式仍然恰当,而鉴于资产负债表疲弱,亚洲国家需要持续建立缓冲。此外,必须很好地解决近期面临的美国货币政策正常化和贸易保护的风险,必须解决人口转型的挑战,并促进生产力水平的提升。记者 周武英

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