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共享单车让设计者操碎心:造型要个性 4年免维修

2017-05-18 12:01:37   

资料图:马路边停放的共享单车。何蓬磊/文 曾嘉/摄

为共享而生

你所认识的自行车应该是什么样子的?在我们生活中出现过80年代以前的横杠28自行车、山地车、公主车或者小轮折叠车,它们无不有稳定的结构、手拨铃、车链子、弹簧车座、充气轮胎、挡泥板和车锁。但是一开始,共享单车就靠颠覆以上自行车的形象而闯入我们的生活中。

到目前为止,摩拜是公认的设计以及生产制造方面科技感较强的单车。2015年8月,第一台手工打造的摩拜单车成型,次年4月,第一代经典版摩拜单车出现在人们生活中。

它看起来与我们印象中的自行车很不一样——轮子没有常见的辐条、也没有气门芯;没有多余的刹车线;车锁没有钥匙孔而是代之以二维码;还有,车链子去哪儿了?

“外观是为功能服务的,摩拜不是刻意要做成那样的,设计的指导思想是为了实现共享,同时得兼顾免维护,基于这个就自然而然成了这样。”王超向《中国新闻周刊》介绍。王超是汽车专业出身,他和摩拜创始人胡玮炜是旧相识,当时,她还没有设计团队,而王超工作之余也有时间,所以就决定参与设计。

当时他接到的唯一要求是,设计一辆“4年免维修的自行车”——从财务上估算,4年免维修就能赚钱。至于怎么做到,那就是王超的事情了。

自行车在1791年产生,经过了200多年的改进。20世纪初期,其基本的结构已经稳定下来:主要由车体、传动、行动和安全装置4部分构成。

共享单车与私人自行车相比,数量多,使用率高,骑行者体型各异,磨损大,一旦损坏,维修成本极高。在传动机构设计上,传统使用的车链就是一个容易出问题的地方。

“自行车就两种链条可选择,一种是链条,一种是皮带。链条面临生锈,掉链子;皮带没有声音,也不会生锈,但是一剪就完蛋了。”王超考虑了这些因素。在共享单车推出以后,另一家使用常规车链的公司ofo的确面临着“掉链子”的问题。

除了链条和皮带之外,还能用什么?不会被剪断的皮带必须从国外进口,价格昂贵,不适合共享。从事汽车设计的王超选择使用一种新的传动机构,也就是现在我们看到的无链条轴传动。“其实在汽车领域,这种传动方式很多,轴传动是每个汽车都要用的。”

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