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联合国经社部:中国经济将保持适度增长势头

2017-05-18 11:59:55   

本报纽约电 记者朱旌报道:当地时间5月16日,联合国经济和社会事务部更新了其2017/2018年《世界经济形势展望》报告。这份更新后的报告显示,今年世界经济增长率将为2.7%,明年将为2.9%;东亚和南亚依然是世界经济增长最富活力的地区,其中中国经济在今明两年将保持适度增长势头。

报告指出,全球经济与今年1月份发表的联合国报告预期相同,与2016年的2.3%增值率相比,有所改善。报告指出,很多发达经济体及转型经济体引领全球经济复苏。东亚及南亚仍是全球最具活力的地区。但南美经济复苏缓于预期,非洲一些地区的人均国内生产总值有停滞或下降。报告认为,经济增长在全球呈现不均衡态势,一些最不发达地区的发展前景不容乐观。

负责撰写有关中国部分报告的经社事务部官员伍宝莲表示,中国目前的国内生产总值占亚太地区发展中国家的40%,人均国内生产总值为8100多美元。经济危机发生以来,中国经济增长呈下降趋势。2015年的经济增长率为6.9%,2016年经济增长率为6.7%,虽然低于前一年,但仍好于预测。

伍宝莲认为,中国2016年的经济增长比预期强劲主要是由于政策的支持,特别是在基础设施领域的投资。此外,大幅度的信用增长,以及在房地产领域的投资比预期强劲也发挥了一定的作用。因此,《世界经济形势展望》更新版预测,中国的经济增长速度将进一步适度放缓,经济增长率在今明两年都将保持在6.5%左右。

伍宝莲表示,预测中国经济增长放缓是由于中国仍在开展结构性改革。中国现在正在将增长的驱动力从主要依靠投资和工业部门增长转变为由消费和服务部门拉动增长。中国近几年来一直在开展供给侧结构性改革。2016年,中国提前完成了控制钢铁产量和煤炭产能的目标。此外,人均可支配收入增加、保持较低的通货膨胀率和城市失业率在2016年都支持了私人消费。这些因素在今明两年仍将持续,其中通货膨胀率仍将维持在较低水平,2017年大约为2.1%,2018年预计为2.7%。不过,全球商品价格上涨和人民币进一步贬值也会带来通货膨胀率上升的风险。

此外,伍宝莲也分析了目前中国经济面临的一些风险因素。她认为,从外部来看,贸易保护主义的抬头对中国经济增长前景是一种风险,因为这将影响到收入、就业和投资。此外,发达经济体本身的进口需求仍然比较弱,这些国家仍受困于自己的结构性问题。

从国内的情况来看,中国面临来自金融部门的风险,尤其是要警惕“三高”:高信用增长、高企业债务和高房地产价格。

伍宝莲认为,为减少金融部门的脆弱性,中国政府正在采取多种措施。为降低企业的债务水平,政府采取包括收紧抵押规则以限制公司债务,采取鼓励兼并重组,并扩大债权股权互换项目等措施。在房地产领域,中国也采取了一些审慎的宏观措施,比如提高购买房屋时贷款首付比例,并加强了购买限制。

根据《世界经济形势展望》更新版,中国经济还面临着另外一些“逆风”和下行风险因素。

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