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业内:有人为避税设信托基金时倾向于海外离岸信托

2017-05-16 09:33:17   中国经济周刊

《中国经济周刊》记者 张燕 | 北京报道

(本文刊发于《中国经济周刊》2017年第19期)

在电视剧《人民的名义》里,高育良,这位省政法委书记、法学教授机关算尽,却偏偏因为高小琴以孩子名义办理的两亿信托基金而锒铛入狱。也许高小琴早就预料到自己有难逃法网的一天,才会特意去香港以孩子的名义办理了这份信托基金。信托基金真的这样值得“信托”吗?高小琴伏法后,这笔信托基金能追得回来吗?

经常出现在富豪圈的信托基金是什么?

“信托基金”这个词近年来频繁出现在公众视野中。《中国经济周刊》记者了解到,信托基金在国内一般指的是信托投资基金,也叫投资信托,即集合不特定投资者的资金,并委托专家代为投资。和在银行购买的大部分基金类似,信托基金本质上也是一种理财产品。

高小琴绕了这么大一个圈,专程跑去香港以两个孩子的名义存下一笔信托基金,难道就为买个理财?

当然不是这样。据专业人士介绍,高小琴办理的信托基金应该属于家族信托基金,也是海外最常见的信托基金模式。

“家族信托是一种把所有权和支配权分离的财产管理方式,主要被用来当作一种遗产规划和财富传承的工具而非简单的理财产品。”香港大成基金管理公司的麦经理告诉记者,相比遗嘱而言,信托基金可以决定资产何时、何地、以怎样的方式来分配给单个或几个受益人,而且执行时间是可以自行规定的。即便托付人仍然在世,如果符合当初设定的分配条件,比如受益人成年后,就可以通过这笔基金获得收益。

“在香港,很多富豪会选择这种方式来进行资产分隔、财富传承和分配。”麦经理坦言,在香港富豪家族因为财产分配不均而出现争执的情况时有发生,信托基金可以有效地避免这一点。除此之外,也有富豪担心自己的后辈成为“二世祖”,也会通过成立信托基金来有效控制潜在的挥霍行为。“即使他是几十亿信托基金的继承人,如果成立时规定了每个月他只能获得10万港币,那么就算信托基金里再有钱,他也很难大手笔花销。”麦经理说。

2015年,香港首富李嘉诚将一笔私人财产转移至名下的家族信托基金,这一举动曾被外界解读为“分家”的前兆。事实上,这种行为在香港甚至欧美都很常见。IBM掌门人沃森曾以自己的孙辈为受益人设立了一笔数百万美元的信托基金,他们年满35岁就可以支配基金中各自的份额。传媒大亨默多克设立了多个家族信托,使得不同妻子的孩子拥有不同的权益,比如,默多克与前妻邓文迪所生的两个女儿仅拥有3亿美元信托基金,而且没有企业投票权。

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