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中国航空WiFi迟迟未普及 或因成本和安全性问题

2017-05-12 10:50:06   央广网

央广网北京5月12日消息(记者陈玺宇 王一棚)据中国之声《新闻纵横》报道,航空Wi-Fi,顾名思义,就是要让乘客坐飞机时能够通过Wi-Fi接入互联网的服务。乘客在飞机上可选择的娱乐项目并不多,如果航空Wi-Fi能让用户接入互联网无疑解决了其痛点。还有一些商旅客户需要随时处理邮件等工作事务,航空Wi-Fi也是一种空中通讯手段。正是因为此,从2015年开始,已陆续有国航、南航、东航、海航等航空公司试运行空中Wi-Fi服务。

眼下,中国只有少数航空公司的少部分飞机和航班支持了Wi-Fi,并且这部分航班的Wi-Fi要体验也有门槛:要么需要是头等舱,要么需要提前预约申请。有数据显示,截止2015年,全球装配机载Wi-Fi系统的飞机有4000多架,其中北美航空公司的飞机超过80%,其次是中东航空公司和欧洲航空公司,亚太航空公司占比仅为3%。

中国互联网市场发达程度已丝毫不逊色于美国,甚至在移动支付、O2O、电子商务、文化娱乐诸多领域已经超过美国市场,而航空Wi-Fi市场却明显落后,这着实有些出人意料。那么,航空Wi-Fi在国内为何迟迟不能普及呢?

根据中国民航网调查,我国超过73%的旅客在旅途中的第一意愿就是上网,而当飞行时间超过4小时后,这一意愿接近100%。还有数据显示,国外的航空乘客在选择航班时,超过60%会首选有无线网络服务的飞机,50%的乘客愿意为享受空中Wi-Fi而放弃旅途中的其他便利。

那么,为什么空中Wi-Fi在国内为何迟迟不能普及?喜乐航是海南航空旗下专门从事空中Wi-Fi业务的公司,他们的CEO潘运滨说,这里有两方面原因:第一、国有航空公司对创新的决策力度比较弱、比较慢,对创新是一种损害;第二、中国航空公司没有开放手机,需求倒逼他们去解决或者去建设这些问题。

事实上,国内各大航空公司早已盯上了空中Wi-Fi这块大蛋糕。目前,东航、国航、南航、海航和春秋航空等航空公司已经试水空中Wi-Fi。2012年以来,中国有关空中Wi-Fi建设运营的消息从未间断,如2012年8月,国航基于地面基站的互联网航班首飞成功;9月,东航改造波音737-800客机,提供30M的双向地空宽带;2013年10月,海航完成地空互联网实验。

通讯资源稀缺也是空中Wi-Fi普及中需要面对的问题,这主要牵扯到卫星资源和大型通讯基站资源。喜乐航CEO潘运滨告诉记者,即使实现空地互联带宽流量也会受到限制。“自始至终我们都不建议用卫星去看视频,因为视频码流较大,在并发时会影响其他用户的使用。所以我们在空中搭建一个盒子,有四个td的内容,理论上可以存储一万两千部电影。视频影音资源在仓内通过局域网就解决掉了,通过卫星传递的都是一些比较重要的信息,比如支付信息、炒股信息等,对这类信息传递有一个分类机制,会优先一些更迫切、有价值的信息传出去。”

此外,成本问题也是制约空中Wi-Fi普及的一大原因。为了实现空中WiFi,每架飞机的改装成本在300万到500万人民币之间。国内航空公司在类似项目上的投入,普遍达到亿元级别。业内人士指出,机上Wi-Fi的建设投入比火车Wi-Fi更大,预计至少3年才能逐渐达到收支平衡的状态。

举例来说,南航和东航等航空公司利用KU波段卫星通信系统,为乘客提供空中Wi-Fi,覆盖面可达世界绝大部分区域,稳定性高,并且不受天气和地形限制,但是价格非常昂贵,波段资源非常稀缺。另一种是国航采用地面基站发送信号的通讯方式,受到云层和基站切换的因素影响较大,信号不稳定。

也就是说,空中Wi-Fi的未来预期很好,但要普及在政策和技术上还需要一段路要走。

中国民航大学李晓津教授表示,由于现实中的不可控因素很多,加之民众对飞行安全的高度关注,飞机上使用手机的可能性还需要观察。有人在实验室的环境里做过,这些都可以,但在非实验室环境里,谁也不敢保证没问题,还需要观察,有百分之三十的可能性放开。

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