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中国汽车后市场规模有望破万亿 规范发展需转型创新

2017-05-11 08:53:30   经济参考报

据中国汽车工业协会统计,2016年全国汽车销售超过2800万辆。而公安部交管局的显示,截至2017年3月底,全国机动车保有量首次突破3亿辆,其中汽车达2亿辆。交通部门预计,未来中国汽车后市场年均增速将超过30%,2018年后市场规模有望破万亿元。

与此同时,我国汽车后市场在服务水平、服务质量等方面却远远没有达到与机动车保有量相匹配的水平,企业大多“小、散、乱”,零整比居高不下、信息不对称等问题突出。而随着“互联网+”时代的到来,如何通过改革和创新实现汽车后市场的规范和有序发展,成为业界关注的焦点。

  汽车后市场长期“小、散、乱”

我国汽车产业已逐渐成长为国民经济的支柱,与之配套的汽车后市场却发展滞后:一面是强势的4S店体系;另一面则是小、散、乱的路边小店。而消费者只能长期在这二者之间的夹缝中维护自己的利益。

相对来说,4S店在技术和零部件方面比较有保障,但维修保养的价格居高不下,导致大批车主在车辆出保后,不再选择4S店进行维修保养。目前,4S店车辆出保后的客户流失率不断上升,且大都流向了社会独立维修厂和连锁维修企业。然而,很多社会独立维修厂和路边店虽然在配件、工时等方面的价格比4S店便宜很多,但配件和技术总是让消费者难以放心。

据统计,我国目前有40多万家汽修门店,大多以夫妻档、小作坊、路边摊形式存在。平均每家维修店保有客户大约不足400辆,经营模式也大多是“一锤子”买卖,缺少稳定的客户和车源。

国内汽车后市场这种小、散、乱的态势,不仅让消费者挠头,也使许多国外汽车后市场企业在中国市场折戟沉沙。

中国的汽车后市场很早就被一些国际巨头看中,来自美国、日本、韩国、南非的捷飞络、Autobacs、普利擎、韩泰轮胎等企业纷纷进入中国市场。但由于种种原因,这些企业都在经营了一段时间后选择关闭甚至退出了中国市场。

例如,世界500强企业美国霍尼韦尔公司在中国的首批三家直营汽车养护中心2007年正式落户上海,覆盖美容、养护、装潢、快修等全方位服务。但到了2008年9月,霍尼韦尔就陆续关掉了在中国的养护中心。

分析其原因,除了因政策因素造成4S店体系的势力过于强大外,中国汽车后市场这种小、散、乱的状况所带来的恶性价格竞争以及不诚信经营等问题,让照搬国外经验和模式的国际大牌企业难以适应。

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