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油气改革落地在即管网独立先行 成本监审已全面启动

2017-05-05 11:44:53   经济参考报

虽然油气体制改革方案还未全面下发,但作为重头戏的管网独立已先动了起来。《经济参考报》记者了解到,日前有关部门已经成立12个工作组,分赴多地全面启动管输企业定价成本监审工作,后续将研究制定天然气干线管道价格,加快规范省级以下管网定价。

这只是第一步。按照即将出台的油气体制改革方案,未来要对相关管道投资、建设、运营、收费等标准进行统筹设计,分步推进国有大型油气企业的干线管网独立,组建国有控制、多主体的油气管网公司,省级管网要统筹规划,促进互联互通。

在众多业内人士看来,这一版本相对“温和”,但落实起来难度并不小。作为配套文件,目前相关部门正在研究制定管网设施独立、公平开放等方面的细则办法。而“三桶油”也加速谋划备战,推进管道资产剥离等工作。

按照国家对能源领域改革的总体部署,油气体制改革从2014年就已经开始酝酿,2015年年底才形成初稿,之后因分歧较大经历数次修改。“方案已经获通过,发布实施指日可待。”国家发改委副主任、国家能源局局长努尔·白克力两会期间接受《经济参考报》记者专访时称。而有参与方案制定的业内人士透露,目前该方案已下发到地方一定层级,听取意见后再全面发布。

“改革重在完善机制,首先是中游实现管网独立,因为管网不独立,市场化是永远做不到的。”

中国石油大学中国油气产业发展研究中心主任董秀成表示。中国石油规划总院专家郭海涛、韩景宽也撰文指出,促进管网设施独立,并向第三方公平开放将是改革的最大亮点。目前我国天然气管网第三方准入程度并不高,有来自上游经营主体垄断准入的要求,有来自中游管网设施互联互通不足、输送能力有限的短板限制,有来自下游市场“长协”消纳困难的客观现实,也有配套法律法规不健全、缺少可操作性实施细则和准入条件标准等制度方面的原因。

据了解,当前我国油气中游输配环节仍高度集中在中石油、中石化和中海油三大国有石油公司手中,分别占到85%、8%和5%。在保证国际长约和自己销售利益的情况下,“三桶油”天然不具备开放基础设施的积极性。

在此之下,成立独立的国家管网公司曾是本轮油气体制改革的最大关注点。不过最后的思路较为温和,提出改革油气管网运营体制,提高企业运输和公平服务能力,实现油气管网独立,但有一个分步走的过程。首先是明确管输价格,在油气企业内部先实现管输业务的相对独立,和上下游分离,研究制定相关办法保证第三方公平接入。其次将管网公司彻底从油气企业独立出来,允许油气生产企业继续保留一定的非战略性管道和分支管道,但要独立核算。最后时机成熟后,组建国有控股、多主体、多样化的油气管网公司。

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