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多项数据显示经济现温和放缓

2017-05-03 10:48:32   经济参考报

原标题:多项数据显示经济现温和放缓

多项近日公布的经济数据出现放缓趋势。中国物流与采购联合会2日发布数据显示,4月中国公路物流运价指数为106.3点,比上月回落1.5%,运价指数连续三个月环比回落。同日公布的4月财新中国制造业采购经理人指数(PMI)也连续回落,最终数据为50.3,低于3月0.9个百分点,增速放缓至去年9月以来的最低点。此前,国家统计局公布的4月官方制造业PMI数据为51.2,低于3月0.6个百分点。

中国物流与采购联合会的分析指出,PMI数据显示,受到大宗商品价格回落及去产能加快推进落实等因素影响,部分高耗能、大宗商品需求有所回落,回落至50%以下,相关的整车公路物流需求随之有所趋缓。3月是新一年生产经营活动计划的开始,企业开工率上升、市场订单集中释放,4月有所回落是正常现象。目前,公路物流市场总体仍处于供大于求的局面,进入5、6月,随着我国供需两侧结构性改革不断推进,新旧动能转换仍在进行中,在此背景下,公路物流需求可能延续总体平稳小幅回落的走势。与此同时,随着各地逐渐步入夏季,后期公路运输影响因素增多,运价指数可能环比也将维持震荡回落走势。

记者了解到,影响4月财新中国制造业PMI下降的主要因素是产出与新订单的增速放缓。产出指数已连续两个月增速放缓;新订单总量也出现相似趋势,增速放缓至去年9月以来最低。此外,4月制造业用工继续收缩,而且收缩率为1月以来最显著。调查显示,用工数量下降,原因包括厂商削减成本以及员工自愿离职后没有填补空缺。

除了官方和财新制造业PMI数据均有所下滑外,4月,其他一些经济数据也出现走低趋势。海通证券首席宏观债券分析师姜超分析称,4月前三周乘联会乘用车累计零售增速为-1%;发电耗煤增速为14.3%,比3月明显下降;4月上旬全国粗钢产量增速3.8%,低于3月。姜超认为,制造业PMI下滑,发电耗煤增速下降,商品价格下跌,意味着4月工业利润增速将明显下滑,经济短期高点已现。

“经济整体仍有较高的景气度,但温和放缓已经开始。高频数据和PMI共同指向这一点。”广发证券首席宏观分析师郭磊表示,虽然4月发电耗煤数据依然大幅高于去年四季度的8%左右,但已经出现向下拐点,且比一季度要低一些。目前来看,经济能够呈现出一定的“韧性”,即下行斜率不会太快。一是大宗商品价格的回落相对比较平缓,且不同品种间价格分化,PPI下行也不会太剧烈;二是房地产销售在一季度以来由于三四线城市的支撑,回落速度显著低于预期;三是中国经济对外依存度较高,外需系产业链较好,这意味着需求端存在一个重要支撑。

郭磊表示,今年全年经济运行大概率会出现“前高后低”走势。中国社科院近日发布的经济蓝皮书春季号也指出,根据中国宏观经济季度模型预测,2017年第一季度至第四季度,我国GDP增长率分别为6.9%、6.7%、6.6%、6.5%,呈现稳中微降的发展趋势。(记者 林远 实习生 陈思宇)

(责编:赵越、杨波)

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