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哪些饭碗可能被机器人抢? 已不局限于工业制造业

2017-05-02 08:00:33   北京晨报

  多地推进机器换人 机器人劳动者引发关注

五一节,劳动者的节日。与此同时,一种“机器人劳动者”正日益引发社会关注。工信部官网显示:浙江率先推进机器换人,计划自2013年起4年多时间,每年实施5000个机器换人项目,实现5000亿元机器换人投资。浙江省经信委副主任凌云称该项目至2015年已累计减少普通劳动工人近200万人;安徽正抓紧推进“‘机器换人’十百千工程”;广东、山东等地则都在自身具备比较优势的产业领域大力推动“机器换人”,已有不少人工岗位被机器人劳动力替代。

机器人更适合

工业制造 服务领域

智能汽车 消防救援

医疗护理

高端就业机会

工业数据科学家 机器人协调员

工业工程师 模拟专家

供应链协调岗位 系统设计

信息技术 3D辅助设计

机器换人遍地开花

业内专家称,当前我国机器人制造技术日趋成熟,促进经济结构转型的改革需要、用工成本高以及用工难等因素,共同推动各界对机器人劳动力的期待。

在深圳雷柏科技的生产车间,生产线的主角不是一排排工人,而是一列列灵活翻转的机械手臂。通过研发智能自动化体系,雷柏科技直接生产员工数量从十多年前高峰期的3200多人,减少到现在的800多人,每年节约大量费用支出。

据悉,从2005年开始,雷柏遭遇“用工荒”,人力成本上涨。2011年,雷柏一口气购买了75台工业机器人,人力成本骤降。“以键盘组装为例。现在一条生产线上,5名工人通过管理机器人就可以完成之前100人的工作量。”雷柏机器人运营管理部经理刘慈平说。

根据广东东莞市经信局的数据,2014年9月至2016年10月,东莞“机器换人”专项资金项目申报共1485个,预计可减少8.7万工人。

机器人大大降低了企业人工成本。总部位于浙江绍兴的三力士公司,在投入建设“无人车间”后,仅人工成本就节省了1000多万元,占当年公司净利润的7%左右。

哪些工作更可能被抢?

记者了解到,当前“机器换人”所涉范围,已不局限于工业制造业,一些服务领域的人工岗位也开始被机器人劳动者悄然替代。

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