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租房痛点得变增长点

2016-12-30 11:12:46   

原标题:租房痛点得变增长点

面对高昂的北上广深等城市房价,大力发展租赁市场被认为是缓解住房压力的重要手段之一。同时,从国外经验看,租赁是住房供应的“双引擎”之一,一般占据40%至60%的市场份额,很多居民一辈子租房。

然而,在我国“房改”以来近20年,住房供应基本是销售的“单极化”发展。随着城市化的快速推进,本应与销售市场并驾齐驱的租赁市场,乱象丛生、发展偏弱。突出表现在老百姓选择居住形式时,“重售轻租”,租赁是不得已的选择。同时,租房人权益缺乏保障,与产权人相比,租房者在享受城市公共服务上极其不对等。

因此,相比金融杠杆横行的住房市场,租房市场价格更能反映经济基本面,下一步如何增加房源、规范租赁市场、保护租客利益、降低租金,清除租房领域中的痛点,才是通过租赁市场解决住房问题所必须思考的问题。

实际上,现阶段我国住房租赁市场房源供给主体主要分为三类:第一类是地方政府此前建设并管理的公租房;第二类是住房租赁企业集中建设并提供的出租住房;第三类是个人房源出租,这部分也是租赁市场上供应的主体,这类房源主要由房地产中介机构来撮合承租人和出租人。

有关专家表示,租房市场供求结构错位,小户型、低总价的出租住房供求矛盾突出。这一“硬伤”短期内难以解决,但供给主体不成熟,中介服务体系缺乏专业、规范等“软件”问题的解决迫在眉睫。

庞大稳定的潜在房源,有望让租房痛点成为楼市发展的新增长点。化零为整,或将成为变化开始的第一步。房源向大的租赁机构集中,有利于稳定租金以及租赁关系。

我国住房租赁市场缺少机构出租者,而机构出租者在市场中起到了重要的示范作用。市场上专业化租赁机构足够多时,即可通过充分竞争形成市场化的租金水平。中国民众可能不再过于聚焦房价的涨跌波动,而会根据机构提供的租赁服务支付相应的租金,进入消费者为主导的市场化价格调节时代。

如何让企业、机构参与培育开发这一市场?不少专家建议,目前绝大部分开发商的资本结构是短期资本为主,缺乏中长期资本。建议发挥金融杠杆作用,开发房地产信托基金(REITs),利用资产证券化这一有效工具,解决短期融资匹配租赁市场中长期回报的矛盾。

而让业内专家感到头痛的“收益低”问题,也将得到改变。住房和城乡建设部的相关负责人表示,“培育住房租赁市场是一个系统工程,涉及多个方面,各地要在金融、税收和经营管理等方面给予政策支持。”

在今年5月4日的国务院常务会议上,租赁市场首次成为重要议题,会上也提出了具体的制度构架。国家重视凸显租赁市场在未来住房制度中的重要地位,以及国家壮大租赁市场的政策导向。

同时,为了促进租赁市场的发展,2016年6月3日,国务院办公厅发布《关于加快培育和发展住房租赁市场的若干意见》,提出到2020年形成住房租赁市场、保障及法规制度的三个完善体系。

最近传来的好消息是,12月14日至16日召开的中央经济工作会议上,明确了2017年中国楼市发展方向,强调要促进房地产市场平稳健康发展。要坚持“房子是用来住的、不是用来炒的”的定位。会议还指出,要加快房屋租赁市场理发,加快机构化、规模化租赁企业发展。加强住房市场监管和整顿,规范开发、销售、中介等行为。

可以肯定的是,随着住房租赁市场的管理体系和法律法规的逐步建立和健全,住房租赁市场将不断得到规范,从而健康有序地发展。只有住房租赁市场发展起来了,才有利于让老百姓实现“住有所居”。

(责编:孙博洋、夏晓伦)

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