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日本削减国债发行规模 或影响日央行QE操作

2016-12-23 10:01:23   

日本财务省22日宣布下个财年将削减国债发行规模,计划在新财年发行154万亿日元国债,相比本财年的162.2万亿日元的规模缩减5%,这一情况自1998年亚洲金融危机以来尚属首次出现。分析师认为,上述行动可能对日本央行资产购买计划带来影响,如果日本央行维持现有量化宽松(QE)规模不变,新发国债规模缩减将使日本央行不得不增加购买现存债券以弥补缺口,这实际上将导致QE的扩张而非此前预期的紧缩。

国债发行规模削减

日本财务省表示,计划在2017至2018财年向银行、保险公司等投资者发行141.2万亿日元国债,低于当前财年的147万亿日元,包括借新还旧国债以及所谓的财投债(zaitobonds)在内的国债总发行量将降至153.96万亿日元,低于当前财年的162.2万亿日元。

在2017年4月1日开始的下个财政年度,日本政府将减少2年期、5年期、10年期和20年期国债的发行规模,维持30年期国债发行量不变,增加最长期限、收益率最高的40年期国债发行量。其中,计划发行27.6万亿日元10年期国债,计划发行26.4万亿日元5年期国债,计划发行26.4万亿日元2年期国债,计划发行23.8万亿日元1年期国债。为确保国债供应,日本政府还计划增加用于提高流动性的标售。

对于日本政府的上述举措,分析师称这主要是因为在长期的货币宽松政策影响下,日本逾一半国债的收益率跌破零,导致投资者需求减弱。同时在日本央行大规模资产购买计划下,日本债券市场也可能出现了类似欧洲央行的“无债可买”情况。

据媒体报道,截至9月底,日本央行持有日本债务总额的38%,超过1000万亿日元,是该国国内生产总值(GDP)的两倍。日本央行实行负利率政策后,日本10年期国债收益率在今年初跌破零,在近期全球债券抛售潮影响下才重回正值。

受日本财政部削减国债发行计划影响,日本国债收益率下挫。截至22日16时30分,日本10年期国债收益率报0.057%。

日央行政策仍偏宽松

日本政府宣布缩减国债发行规模后,有分析人士认为,如果日本央行维持现有QE规模不变,新发国债规模缩减将使日本央行不得不增加购买现存债券以弥补缺口,这实际上将导致QE的扩张而非此前预期的紧缩。

此前由于日本经济数据趋好,日本央行上调了对本国的经济评估预期,也引发市场对该行可能收紧宽松政策的猜测。

不过有宏观经济分析人士指出,日本央行短期内做出较大政策调整的可能性很低,在通胀目标远未达到的情况下,贸然收紧货币政策可能更加不利于经济。日本于2008年金融危机后开始降息,随后多年的基准利率一直维持在0.1%的水平,直到今年年初实行负利率开始新一轮宽松。长期量化宽松政策带来了一些负效应,如资金脱实向虚、催生资产泡沫等。

SMBC日兴证券驻东京利率策略师认为,日本政府缩减国债发行规模,国债收益率曲线可能趋陡,但只要上涨速度和幅度都不大,日本央行可能都会容忍。摩根大通证券首席经济分析师菅野雅明认为,在近期美元强势日元不断贬值的背景下,如果日元下跌太多挫伤消费力,那么日本央行有可能会考虑的调高收益率目标。实习记者 李慧敏

(责编:乔雪峰、夏晓伦)

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