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表外理财明年起正式纳入MPA 金融机构去杠杆将再提速

2016-12-21 16:22:58   

■阎 岳

央行将于2017年一季度评估时开始正式将表外理财纳入广义信贷范围,以合理引导金融机构加强对表外业务风险的管理。昨日,这个消息成为影响当日市场的重磅新闻。这项改革举措的初衷是防风险,意味着金融机构去杠杆将再次提速。

广义信贷是宏观审慎评估(MPA)的一个重要概念,指相对传统贷款而言的更大范围的信贷。2016年起,央行将差别准备金动态调整机制“升级”为MPA,从资本和杠杆情况、资产负债情况、流动性情况、定价行为、资产质量情况、外债风险情况、信贷政策执行情况七大方面对金融机构的行为进行多维度引导。

从今年第三季度开始,央行就将表外理财业务纳入MPA的“广义信贷”测算中,表外理财相关数据搜集、模拟测试等工作随之展开。今年还只是进行评估测算看结果,先不对相关机构进行惩戒。但从明年一季度评估结果出来之后,对不合格机构的惩戒措施就会出台。

央行有关负责人称,当前未纳入MPA的表外理财业务增长较快,部分银行的业务还潜藏着一些风险。表外理财底层资产的投向主要包括类信贷、债券等资产,与表内广义信贷无太大差异,同样发挥着信用扩张作用,如果增长过快会积累宏观风险,不利于去杠杆要求的体现与落实。而且目前表外理财虽名为“表外”,但资金来源一定程度上存在刚性兑付,出现风险时银行往往不得不表内化解决,未真正实现风险隔离。

这是央行加强对表外理财业务宏观审慎评估的初衷。简单说,这项改革举措就是为了规范银行业务的开展,更进一步讲,则是为了顺利推进去杠杆工作,防范金融风险。

表外理财正式纳入广义信贷范围,意味着表外理财将被压缩。被压缩的资产首当其冲的可能就是债券,因为这最容易操作。这是为什么最近债市异动的一个重要原因。

市场人士分析认为,表外理财正式纳入广义信贷范围,可能导致银行机构在后期收紧对非银机构的流动性授信,而非银机构的债券组合杠杆相对较高,叠加跨年流动性需求季节性回升,很可能会导致金融机构去杠杆再次加速。一些灰色地带和与影子银行相关的债券市场业务,很可能面临严格监管并不再存在,银行业务模式将发生变化。

总之,将表外理财纳入广义信贷范围,是为了更加全面准确地衡量风险,引导金融机构更为审慎经营,需要加强对表外理财业务的宏观审慎评估。这是落实中央经济工作会议提出的“把防控金融风险放到更加重要的位置”的一项举措。

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