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析北京买房和租房的经济压力:房租负担居全球第一

2016-11-07 09:59:50   经济参考报

近年来,中国的房价市场持续走高,越来越多的年轻人因为无法忍受一线城市的房价压力而选择回到二三线城市工作生活,也有越来越多的年轻人采用“曲线救国”的方式,选择租房策略。然而,按照目前的经济发展现状以及房价情况来看,在一线城市买房和租房各自需要面对怎样的经济压力呢?

北京为例,截至2016年3月份,北京房价当年已上涨18%。房价的飙升,加上外地户口必须在北京连续纳税5年才能购房,使租房成了北京许多年轻人和外来务工人员的唯一选择。然而英国《金融时报》显示,2016年北京的房租负担位居全球第一位,北京的平均房租是其平均工资的1.2倍。

具体分析来看,北京的房屋租金也和大多数城市一样,主要和三个指数相关:区域、朝向、楼层。

首先,从区域来看目前租金最贵的当属学校附近,大部分人为了能够方便子女享受到良好的教育资源和便利的交通,宁可选择出高价去租离学校距离近但是面积较小的房子。其次,商业区附近的租金高,根据网络数据显示,金融街、五道口、国贸、朝阳公园、万柳等地都是商业聚集地,在这些地方也大多都是高档住宅,而且由于交通条件十分便利,外国人也大多愿意到此活动,因此租金自然高。再次,地铁站附近交通便利的地区租金也相对高,毕竟对于大多数的上班族来说,时间才是最宝贵的。最后一点就是楼层,以六层的住宅楼为例,因为一层的采光最差而且潮湿,居住环境会受到极大影响,因此租金也最低;三楼的位置最好,楼层适宜采光通风良好,因此租金最高,其余楼层的租金相差不大。但是作为北京来说高层住宅楼较多,而且受到环境的限制,楼间距较近,因此越高的楼层其居住环境越舒适,租金也就越高,而且所需要缴纳的物业费也就越贵。除了以上四点之外,租金还和住宅的装修、房龄等有关,因为大多数租户都希望可以租到精装的新房。

那么在北京买房所需要花费的成本又是多少呢?

自2003年以来,房价水平持续走高,大体上看来2003—2005年房价正常上涨,2005—2008年房价飞速上涨,2008年房价稍有回落,然而2008年至今房价始终保持着高速增长的状态。由于土地的数量有限和对房产数量需求的激增,导致了房价呈现出上述发展态势,就2016年的房价数据看来,北京房价的分布在六大城区有所不同。

三环以内主要是西城、东城,海淀、朝阳,丰台占有少部分地区。三环以内价格最高的房产主要集中在西城区,其中西单附近的均价已经达到15万/平方米,德外安德路、官园桥等地附近的房价平均在6.5万/平方米。另外由于新的入学政策,导致海淀区各个中小学附近所谓的“学区房”的价格持续走高,此前也传出了46万/平方米的天价房屋的消息。然而在北京买房所需要支付的不仅仅是房子本身的价格,按照目前的政策看,购房首先需要支付不低于30%的首付,并且如果在购买时需要支付贷款利息的情况下,房贷的实际利率为6.273%,并且购买时需要支付2%的契税和2%的物业维修费,并且还需要计算装修及家具购买的支出。

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