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法律专家:MH370乘客家属暂时无法启动索赔

2014-05-04 16:37:22   中国新闻网

中新社北京5月4日电 (记者 张素)针对马来西亚航空公司最新发表的声明,法律专家4日接受中新社记者专访时指出,失联航班MH370乘客家属目前还无法正式启动索赔程序,建议家属先收集证据,待官方正式宣布客机失事或公布最终调查结果时举证索赔。

来自中华全国律师协会、北京市律师协会的11名律师组建了“MH370乘客家属索赔谈判律师团”,该团副团长、律师臧洪亮表示,其目的是通过集中谈判力争获得整体较优化的赔偿方案。

臧洪亮和他的团队关注着马来西亚航空公司最新发表的声明,声明将使用了55天的“失联”一词改为“失踪”,却并不意味着乘客家属可以启动索赔。臧洪亮说,根据国际空难事故处理实践及相关法律规定,乘客家属正式启动索赔程序一般有两个时间节点,其一是正式宣布客机失事,其二是公布最终调查结果或事故责任报告。

“马来西亚政府按照国际民用航空公约附件13的相关规定提交国际民航组织(ICAO)并予以公布的是初步调查报告,尚未给出结论”,臧洪亮说。

北京市律师协会业务指导与继续教育委员会副主任毕文胜持有相同看法,他告诉中新社记者,按照马来西亚方面的说法,不宣布客机失事的主要考虑是家属的接受能力,但从搜寻情况来看,乘客生还的可能性极低。他推断马方或将在不久之后宣布“失事”,届时可启动索赔。

毕文胜提醒,鉴于马来西亚和中国都是1999年蒙特利尔《统一国际航空运输某些规则的公约》(简称《蒙特利尔公约》)的当事国,根据该公约,诉讼时效是从航空器应当到达之日即2014年3月8日开始的两年之内,如果乘客家属未在2016年3月7日之前提起诉讼,将丧失索赔权利。此外,各国的民事诉讼法对提交证据期限也有不同规定。

专家表示,乘客家属广泛收集证据还因为《蒙特利尔公约》对旅客伤亡损害赔偿设定的双梯度赔偿责任体系,无论是在11.31万特别提款权(折合人民币120万元)以内的第一梯度,或是超过该金额的第二梯度,索赔权利人均需证明其索赔额为实际遭受的损失。公约提出的11.31万特别提款权也不是承运人理所当然应该赔偿的金额。

谈及家属该着手收集哪些证据,“首先确立近亲属的范围,证明与乘客的关系,以及证明在委托谈判上近亲属形成了一致的意见”,毕文胜说,“还有乘客年龄、收入情况、纳税情况等,都需要进行公证。”

他进一步解释,如果乘客家属要向飞机制造商波音公司提起诉讼,就必须举证其设计缺陷或产品质量问题。如果家属要为乘客争取其他合法权利,比如工伤,也需要相应举证。

专家还谈到,由于《蒙特利尔公约》并不涉及具体损害赔偿金额的计算方法,在以诉讼方式索赔的情况下,需要按照管辖地法院、本国法律处理,也就是说将以马来西亚法律作为准据法,审理中国乘客家属和马来西亚方面的纠纷。

“目前谈判律师团成员均为中国执业律师,我们将在必要时就相关问题咨询马来西亚及其他相关国家专业律师的意见”,臧洪亮说。

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