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哪些迹象显示马航飞机可能遭专业人士劫持?

2014-03-15 23:57:23   新京报

15日下午,马来西亚总理在发布会上称,确认飞机应答系统是被人为关闭的,仍在调查是否存在劫机可能性。专家分析,此举可视为马方默认正朝着飞机被劫持的方向调查。那么,此前有哪些公开信息显示,飞机可能遭专业人员“劫持”呢?

1、飞机应答系统被人为关闭

今天下午,马方公布,飞机应答系统是被人为关闭的。

此前披露的信息显示,机内两组对外通信系统关闭的时间前后差了14分钟,如果出现故障或者没有飞行经验的人劫持飞机,通信系统同时中断的可能性更大。

2、先从民用雷达消失

飞机可以由一次(军用)雷达、二次(民用)雷达监测到。一次雷达是发出无线电信号并收听空中物体反射的回音。二次雷达是发出信号请求得到飞机应答器的信息。飞机会回复包括确认身份和海拔高度在内的信息。雷达反复扫过高空,询问应答器。

如果是机械故障,因为突然急坠或者解体等,一般先从一次雷达消失,再从二次雷达消失。此次失联事件则先从二次雷达消失,意味着可能有人主动关掉了飞机上的应答器。

3、失联后仍向卫星发出信号

飞机失联后,完全独立、负责传送信号的发送器SatCom持续向卫星发出信号。而只有在飞机完整且保持动力的情况下,才有可能发布该信号。

4、失联后或飞行7小时

马来西亚总理纳吉布称,客机与卫星最后一次的联系时间是马来西亚当地时间8时11分。这时距离飞机起飞过去7小时。

5、失联航班几次改变航线

马军方雷达监测到的信号表明,这架飞机先折返,折返后往西,随后又往西北方向行进。“虽然雷达的覆盖有限,但我们认为飞机做出这种改变,可能是有人蓄意而为。”马来西亚总理纳吉布说。

6、飞行高度显示专业所为

已公开的消息显示,飞机的最后飞行高度是29500英尺。一位国内民航公司安全监察部门官员曾对媒体表示,“29500是一个极为特殊的飞行高度,调整飞行高度是为了避免空中冲突……这可能说明他把防撞系统也关了,因为他并没有飞到标准的高度层,而是飞了一个高度层的中间值,那个高度是没有飞机的,所以避免了跟任何飞机相撞的机会”。

还有一航空公司飞行员向新京报记者解释,29500英尺的高度,而不是29000英尺或30000英尺这样的飞行高度,是因为采取人工的目视飞行时,需要在标准高度上加减500英尺。“这也说明驾驶员具有专业的飞行知识。”

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