2016年11月1日,广东珠海,空军试飞员驾驶两架歼-20飞机进行飞行展示,这是中国自主研制的新一代隐身战斗机首次公开亮相。当日,为期六天的第十一届中国航展在珠海开幕。供图:张坤/视觉中国
2016年11月1日,广东珠海,空军试飞员驾驶两架歼-20飞机进行飞行展示,这是中国自主研制的新一代隐身战斗机首次公开亮相。
图集详解:
11月1日,珠海航展开幕首日,万众瞩目的我国第4代战机歼20在珠海上空做了10分钟的飞行表演,这也是该战机首次公开对外展示。
歼20首秀的战略意义
作为我国空军最重要的核心装备,同时也是保密等级最高的战斗机,歼20汇集了我国当前一系列的最先进技术,那么该机此时亮相有何意义呢。
一方面,由于歼20目前尚未正式服役,所以歼20此时就公开亮相,从技术角度上说太过敏感。回顾歼10当年可是在正式服役4年之后才于2008年首次亮相珠海航展的。但这也凸显了中国航空工业的进步。因为中国的科研政策为:装备一代,研制一代,预研一代。如今歼20项目公开亮相展示,且很快将进入装备阶段。再加上此前媒体曝出的新一代战机研发的消息,由此推断中国的第6代战机也进入了研制状态。
另一方面,我国当前又处于一个比较特殊的时期。可以说周边局势并不太平,从朝鲜半岛到钓鱼岛,从台湾地区到南海再到西南边境,热点频发,暗流涌动。歼20战机能够于此时亮相,那么不仅会对周边蠢蠢欲动的国家形成有力震慑,同时对于妄图浑水摸鱼的域外大国也无异于当头棒喝。从这个角度来说,歼20的亮相确属恰逢其时。
从飞行表演看歼20性能
歼20今天在珠海上演了低空通场、爬升等一系列战术动作。此前,歼20还在空中进行了多项高难度机动动作,包括连续空中翻滚和大角度旋转等。从动作上看歼20的爬升角度目测约90度,具备了高速垂直爬升能力。这说明该机发动机推重比已经达到了高端水平,如果这些动作用于实战,可获得作战优势。
此外,歼20的机翼载荷较小,动力强大,机动性能出色。之前歼20还曾以180度极小半径回旋令人大呼过瘾。而且这个动作对于发动机的要求非常高,如无强大的动力系统不可能在那么小的半径、那么短的时间内完成机头的指向。因此一些网友甚至判断歼20进行了超机动飞行,其机动性碾压F-35直逼F-22,但对此我们还要冷静看待。
四代机为了兼顾超音速巡航以及隐身,在气动上对机动性有所妥协,加之内置弹舱带来的冗余重量和体积,都是亚音速机动的不利因素。为了提高亚音速机动性能,四代机普遍采用推重比10的发动机,即便如此F-35也被指机动性欠佳。F-22和T-50都采用推力矢量喷管来提高亚音速机动性能。目前状态的歼-20的发动机性能与上述机型还存在差距,因此其亚音速机动性能能够达到三代重型战机的水平即可。而且也不必对歼20的机动性有那么高的要求,毕竟隐身战机也不是用来进行近距离格斗的。目前中国在隐身技术和电子技术领域都是后来者,都有一定后发优势。在隐身空军的新一轮较量中,中国并没有落后于世界。
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