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知名博物馆疏导观众应有招

2017-09-22 07:47:04   央广网

陕西历史博物馆

归根究底,博物馆门前大排长龙是“有限的博物馆公共服务空间赶不上快速增长的观众数量”,是“高品质博物馆、展览数量满足不了民众日益增长的需求”。增加高品质博物馆和展览,才是破解这一难题的根本办法。但这并不意味着短期之内,博物馆在开放管理上没有可以改善和提高的空间。

只有一个门,

只排一个队肯定不行

进门前的最后一公里,国外一些知名博物馆是怎么管理,如何提供服务的?记者随机调查了近期在国外参观过博物馆的几位观众。

7月初去过美国纽约大都会博物馆的中国人民大学对外汉语教学中心潘老师告诉记者,大都会博物馆的门票是捐赠式购买,想给多少钱就给多少钱,哪怕1分钱也行,但不能不给。旅居美国的琵琶家吴蛮也表示,大都会博物馆参观的人也很多,也有排队,但很少有排队上小时的情况,可能因为它出口入口多,以及把当地参观者和外地参观者分开,前者免费,后者捐赠式买票。

对此,北京大学考古文博学院教授宋向光认为,把本地和外地参观者分开来,在国内不太适合。基于排长队的都是一些被当做“旅游景点”的知名博物馆,还是把团队和散客分开来可行性更强。比如首都博物馆就把团队入口安排在东侧地下通道,散客从北门进。但不知为何,这种设计安排目前并不普遍。

多次去过法国卢浮宫的北京宋女士,也向记者提供了一些卢浮宫的“通关捷径”。据她介绍,卢浮宫可以在网上有偿预约讲解人员,然后按照预约时间进馆就不用排队。目前,国家博物馆也将讲解志愿者开放预约,但似乎知道的观众并不多。宋向光表示:“这种做法其实不错。网络预约,现在很多馆都在做,但效果如何,有待观察。故宫博物院做得比较好,预约完之后刷身份证就可以进去。但有的博物馆预约后还要去预约取票区取票,然后再跟未预约观众一起排队。这样实际上抵消了预约的作用。”

做好科学测算,

削峰填谷很重要

在疏导参观人流上,故宫博物院确实做出了不少尝试与努力。其中,网络预约售票就是一项重要举措。据故宫博物院院长单霁翔介绍,2016年故宫观众突破1600万人,但是依靠网络预约售票来进行“限流”,全年内单日接待观众数量得到了基本的掌控,起到了十分有效的削峰填谷作用。通过限流,参观秩序有了明显改善,观众参观体验环境得到显著提升,“旺季不挤、淡季不淡”文物、古建筑和观众的安全也得到了极大的保障。

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