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【环球网综合报道】据台湾“联合新闻网”9月21日报道,当地时间9月19日下午,墨西哥遭遇7.1级强震,造成至少200多人死亡,包括首都墨西哥城与中部各州皆传出严重灾情,建筑物更是遇震即跨。本月7日,墨西哥近海附近也曾发生8.4级强震,造成近百人死亡。
报道称,墨西哥位于环太平洋地震带东部以及太平洋、北美洲、加勒比海等多个板块的交会处,是全世界主要的地震高发区之一。地质与地震专家分析,墨西哥市坐落在一个沉积盆地之上,盆地内部的土壤及岩石比其周边的地壳要更为松软,当地震波到达城市地底时,在盆地内部形成共振效应而产生比平地更剧烈的地表反应。
墨西哥国家综合学院建筑师莱昂分析,此次地震之所以严重,除规模较大造成巨大破坏力外,地震波及的城市缺乏规划和管理也是主要原因。他指出,一些地区的地质结构和土壤不适合建造房屋,却盖起楼房;民众私建、违建现象严重,危屋旧房没有被及时拆除。根据专家对9月7日和19日两次地震中受损房屋的调查,很多坍塌建筑都为砖瓦或木造的老旧房屋,没有任何钢筋结构。
此外,一些近几年新建的楼房也严重受损,虽然这些建筑使用了钢筋材料,但是结构和数量都有问题,没有充分考虑防震因素。一些商场、超市和购物中心在此次地震中受损,主要原因之一是没有根据不同地区的地质结构和地震风险,使用不同的建材和结构。
报道称,墨西哥首都墨西哥市的情况更是特殊。这次地震震中距墨西哥市123公里,但墨西哥市灾情不轻。32年前同一天发生在外海的强震,墨西哥市的振幅几乎与400公里外的震中一样大,摇晃持续时间是震中处的二倍,让松软的地质在盆地内,有如装在碗中的布丁或果冻一般,只需轻轻摇晃,即可产生大几倍的破坏力,俗称“果冻效应”。
(原标题:“果冻效应”?墨西哥因强震受灾严重 建筑遇震即垮)
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