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【喜迎十九大•文脉颂中华】传承民族音乐的“活化石” 泉州南音推广从娃娃抓起

2017-09-21 09:52:26   国际在线

光明网泉州9月20日电(记者 刘洋)“喜迎十九大•文脉颂中华”非物质文化遗产大型网络传播活动福建行记者来到了全国著名的“戏窝子”,享有“戏曲之乡”“木偶之城”“南音之都”等美誉的泉州。

在泉州,随处可以感受到浓厚的闽南文化氛围,而南音更是深入泉州人的“骨髓”。

南音,起源于晋、唐时期,又称“南乐”“南管”,是中国现存最古老的乐种之一,被誉为中国民族音乐的“活化石”,2006年被列入首批国家级非遗名录,2009年被联合国教科文组织列入人类非物质文化遗产代表作名录。

泉州是闽南文化的发祥地、富集区,是文化部在2007年批准设立的全国首个文化生态保护区——闽南文化生态保护实验区的核心区,南音和南戏、南建筑、南拳、南派工艺被称为“五南”文化,是闽南文化的重要代表。

近年来,泉州大力推动闽南文化普及推广。大力推动闽南文化进校园。2009年出版《泉州南音教程》作为中小学学生的南音学习教材。已有南少林五祖拳、拍胸舞等10多项重点非遗项目进入到中小学课堂。连续27年举办中小学生南音演唱、演奏比赛。以泉州艺校、泉州师院等高校为传承人培养基地,开设闽南文化专业教育,泉州艺校至今已输送专业人才1000多名。泉州师院于2011年设立泉州南音学院,开创院校设立本科层次南音专业先例,2013年开始培养南音硕士研究生。又在德化陶瓷学院、安溪茶学院等高职院校设立非遗专业。同时,利用传统文化节日,举办各种民俗活动,营造闽南文化传习、推广的浓厚氛围。

泉州南音省级传承人李白燕介绍说,泉州差不多每个社区都有南音社团,南音文化深入泉州人的“骨髓”,特别是海外游子,在很小的时候和爷爷奶奶听南音,长大后在海外创业,也会在国外社团中去听南音。通过南音将海外游子团结起来,这就是南音的一种生存方式,通过共同的语言、共同的乡音来抒发他们对祖国的情怀。

2013年,泉州启动了南音记录工程,将把视为南音“教科书”的65套“指”、“谱”和选择1000首优秀的“曲”录制成DVD,抢救与记录濒于消亡的曲目,并建立泉州南音记录档案馆,进行专项保存。

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泉州南音的乐器有横抱曲颈琵琶、十目九节洞箫、以及二弦、三弦、拍板等十多种。其演奏形式,至今还保留着汉代“执节者歌”的表演形式。配上琵琶指法和撩拍符号自成体系。音乐分为器乐曲、套曲和清唱曲三大部分,保留了许多古调名、古牌名、古语古音,蕴涵着晋清商乐、唐宋大曲、燕乐、佛曲以及宋元南戏音乐的遗绪遗韵。

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