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“回流热”凸显区域均衡进展

2017-09-21 07:52:18   央广网

在国家把扶贫、教育扶贫纳入国家发展战略、更加重视社会公平的背景下,为区域教育均衡发展提供长远保障、更加深入地推进义务教育均衡发展,要让推进城乡和谐互动互哺成为教育发展的常态,进一步落实好向农村倾斜的相关政策,以科学的方式来配置城乡教育资源。

安徽省阜南县教育局日前摸底结果显示,今年阜南县共有8275名农村学生从城区和外地“回流”至该县的乡镇学校。阜南县教育局局长陈刚说,这些学生中许多人过去在县城的公办和民办中小学就读,还有一些跟随父母在沿海务工地上学。“回流热”的成因在于当地大力推进义务教育均衡发展,农村办学条件得到改善,教师结构更加优化,家长、学生不愿再“舍近求远”。

为什么会出现“回流热”?简而言之,这是人们用脚投票的结果,是对农村学校教育的重新认可。截至2016年底,全国实现义务教育基本均衡的县(市、区)累计达到1824个,通过的县(市、区)的数量占全国总数的62.4%。随着区域教育均衡深入推进,还会有更多择校进城学生回流。“回流热”受到广泛关注一定程度上与过去较长一段时间的“外流潮”不无关系,“外流潮”是“回流热”的逻辑前提。

过去较长一段时间,一些区域教育均衡发展水平比较低的农村地区出现了学生进城上学的“外流潮”。城乡教育与城乡儿童及其家庭在一定程度上感受到了“外流潮”之痛。大量乡村学生择校进城,城镇班级规模过大,教师无法对学生进行充分的个体化教育关注,城镇教师提供的优质教育服务被稀释。同时,班级规模过大,教室过于拥挤,空气质量、通风效果、班级环境都受到不同程度的影响。从进城学生上学成本看,择校进城上学获得的是一个昂贵的教育机会。我在西部调研时了解到,在城镇上学的房租和生活费等直接成本需要两三万元。如果算上民办学校缴费、陪读劳动力成本等,这个教育机会将更加昂贵。

也正因此,近几年,在农村地区大量出现的“回流热”更彰显出其价值。对农村学生及其家庭来说,“回流”有诸多好处。首先,择校进城学生回乡“就近上学”,享受到了更加方便的教育机会。其次,择校进城学生回乡上学后,有更多与父母相处的机会。再次,择校进城学生回乡上学可以节约因到县城或其他地区上学的额外成本,如交通费、租房费、民办学校学费等。对乡村学校来说,择校进城学生回乡上学避免了由于学龄人口择校引起的乡村学校小规模化问题,提振了乡村学校的士气。对城镇来说,择校进城学生回流,减轻了城镇教育扩容压力。同时,有效缩小班级规模,城镇学生可获得更高质量的教育。

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