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墨西哥强震已致百余人遇难 暂无中国人员伤亡

2017-09-20 15:08:57   央广网

央广网北京9月20日消息 据中国之声《全球华语广播网》报道,墨西哥国家地震局表示,地震发生在当地时间19日13点14分,也就是北京时间今天午夜,震中位于莫雷洛斯州阿克索恰潘市西南12公里处,震源深度57公里。本次地震目前至少已经造成100多人遇难。

距离震中123公里的首都墨西哥城震感强烈,部分街区停电,机场一度暂停全部航班。墨西哥城内29座建筑倒塌,所有中小学停课。中国驻墨西哥大使馆人员表示,暂时没有接到中国人员的伤亡信息。

这次地震事发当天,正是1985年墨西哥城大地震32周年纪念日。32年前的这一天,墨西哥西南岸外太平洋底发生8.1级强震,造成7000多人死亡,1.1万人受伤。9月19日因此也被称为“墨西哥城最悲惨的一天”。

就在地震发生前两小时,为纪念1985年地震32周年,墨西哥城组织了一次全民防震演练。地震发生后,民众纷纷涌上大道避难。市中心的马路上,四处散落着从建筑物上掉落的碎石、玻璃;道路发生断裂,楼房倒塌,上空飘浮着缕缕灰烟。而在墨西哥城著名旅游景区霍奇米尔科,强大的地震波,让原本平静的湖水突然漾起巨大波浪,游船摇晃得厉害。

墨西哥位于多个板块交会处,是全世界主要地震高发区之一。2008年至今,墨西哥所发生的地震,级数在5级以上的约有80多次,就在两星期前,墨西哥恰帕斯州托纳拉西南137公里处的海域发生8.2级强震,造成98人死亡的重大灾难。除了地理位置,还有哪些原因造成墨西哥地震频发呢?

在距离墨西哥城西部200英里的太平洋水域,有两个地层小板块,这两个板块大约每60年有一次大的碰撞,因此,该地区大约每60年就发生一次大的地震。

另外,墨西哥城原本是建于湖泊沉积而成的封闭式盆地之上,南北两边是火山岩,疏松的湖积层地基放大了地震波,加之该市地下水长期被过度开采——全市1800万人口和16万家工厂,90%的用水取之地下。美国著名地学专家斯纳教授形象地说:“墨西哥城是在‘一个碗中装上果冻’那样的地基上建造起来的大城市。”再加之,建筑物抗震能力低下是墨西哥城受灾严重的又一原因。这里的许多建筑物,尤其是西班牙殖民统治时期修建的房屋,施工质量差,根本无法承受大震级地震,特别是那些不对称三角形和T型的5~20层楼房在这场地震中倒塌的最多。

两个星期内,强地震接踵而至,上次的遇难人数尚未完全清点完毕,新的灾难却再次降临墨西哥。中国地震台网中心研究员孙士鋐介绍,从地震特点说,不到一个月的时间内发生两次7级以上的强震属于正常范畴,“这个活动是比较常见的,因为地震活动有一种成丛性,就是某一个时段它会出现一些连发,类似于它这种间隔,就是间隔的再短一点,有的就是在同一天在不同地区可能会连续发生多个七级以上的地震,这种跟地震活动的特点有一定的关系。这就是地震活动在空间上的成丛性,在地域上的集中性。实际上,某一个时段地震活动相对比较弱一点,但是在某一个时段它的活动水平又比较强一点。在空间上也是,它往往在某一个空间会出现一些连发。比如2008年的汶川地震、2010年的庐山地震、2017年的九寨沟地震都发生四川的西部,从地域上说,这三个地震还是有紧密的相关性。”  

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