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秋收起义与中国革命道路

2017-09-20 09:52:14   国际在线

今年是秋收起义爆发90周年。南昌起义后,中共中央于1927年8月3日发布《关于湘鄂粤赣四省农民秋收暴动大纲》,决定在工农运动基础较好的湖南、湖北、广东、江西四省发动秋收起义。要求四省“以农会为中心”,建立革命政权,实行土地革命。9月,秋收起义在湘赣边界全面爆发,起义点燃了井冈山的星星之火,开启了土地革命的新局面。正如习近平总书记在庆祝中国人民解放军建军90周年大会上的讲话中指出的,“南昌起义连同秋收起义、广州起义以及其他许多地区的武装起义,标志着中国共产党独立领导革命战争、创建人民军队的开端,开启了中国革命新纪元”。毛泽东领导秋收起义,建立井冈山根据地,逐步开创了农村包围城市、武装夺取政权的中国革命道路。实践证明,在半殖民地半封建的中国,只有将马克思主义基本原理与中国革命具体实践相结合,开创中国革命道路,才能夺取革命胜利。

秋收起义公开打出中国共产党领导中国革命的旗帜,进一步表明了中国共产党独立领导革命战争的决心。八七会议前,我们党已经逐步形成发动武装起义的共识。南昌起义成功后,在南昌举行了国民党中央委员、各省区特别市和海外各党部代表联席会议,成立由宋庆龄、周恩来、贺龙、叶挺、朱德等组成的中国国民党革命委员会,通过《八一起义宣言》,提出“打倒帝国主义”“打倒新旧军阀”“实行耕者有其田”等革命口号和政纲。但是,南昌起义打出的是国民党革命委员会的旗帜。南昌起义后,《中央关于湘鄂粤赣四省农民秋收暴动大纲》要求,“以农会为中心”,“夺取一切政权于农民协会”。“除夺取乡村政权之外,于可能的范围应夺取县政权,联合城市工人贫民(小商人)组织革命委员会,使成为当地的革命中心”,“实行中央土地革命政纲”。中央指示湖南省委,秋收起义要发动土地革命,推动中国革命发展。随后,八七会议在中国革命的危急关头召开,正式确定了实行土地革命和武装起义的方针,并把领导农民进行秋收起义作为当时党的最主要任务。八七会议后,中共中央派毛泽东改组湖南省委,领导秋收起义。新的湖南省委根据八七会议精神,制定秋收起义计划。毛泽东指出:湖南秋收暴动单靠农民的力量是不行的,必须有一个军事的帮助。我们党从前的错误是忽略了军事,现在应以百分之六十的精力注意军事运动;应“实行在枪杆子上夺取政权,建设政权”。会议认为,秋收起义不应再用国民党的名义,而必须用共产党的名义来号召,并应竭力宣传和建设工农政权。由此,中国共产党开始成为领导中国人民开辟中国革命道路的核心力量。

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