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与商业良性衔接,艺术区更有生命力

2017-09-20 09:12:29   国际在线

北京798艺术区创始人王彦伶近日向媒体透露,798艺术区未来的业态“会有很大变化”:今年会有12家国家级艺术中心落户798。然而,798发展中的一些现象近年来也引发争议。有人指出,随着798艺术区内部房租逐年上涨,艺术家近年来正在退出,而一些餐厅、咖啡馆甚至小商贩陆续涌入,艺术区变得有些像旅游景点了。

艺术家撤离艺术区,艺术区充斥商业,让很多人叹息。在许多人看来,文化艺术与商业似乎天生就是敌对的,文化艺术就应该是单纯的、独立的,商业不该染指艺术。但事实上,从文化艺术市场的发展进程来看,商业和艺术从来都是相互促进与发展的,艺术一直都不是孤立的。

在美国,不管是现代艺术还是传统艺术,都因为与商业有了良性衔接,实现了蓬勃发展:好莱坞在促进电影产业商业化发展的同时,传播了美国的文化价值;百老汇的演出既赢得了商业利益,也促进了文化的传播发展。在英国,伦敦南岸艺术区集现代文化、旅游、休闲、商业功能于一体,既是能鉴赏艺术藏品的著名艺术中心,也是功能齐备的商业化文化旅游区。

这说明,只要协调得当,商业与艺术其实并不矛盾。一方面,艺术的发展需要各种资源,艺术的价值需要通过商业的价格来体现,而商业的发展则可以为开展各种艺术活动提供资源,让艺术品实现经济价值。另一方面,艺术具有巨大的溢出效应,商业会因为艺术的繁荣获得更多的发展空间,商业价值也会因为艺术的存在而得到极大提升。

当前,798、M50这类艺术区似乎走上了商业化的道路。这种商业化趋势加剧了一些艺术家和艺术机构的困境,但这是文化艺术市场发展到一定程度的必然结果。在这个过程中,要想让艺术具有长久生命力,就不能一味否定商业化,而是要通过艺术和商业的平衡,找到艺术发展的更多可能性。

比如,当前,越来越多的人周末到798这样的艺术区感受文化艺术氛围,把这里当成重要的文化艺术地标来参观,人们对文化艺术的渴求为艺术发展创造了更多机会,是艺术和商业达到平衡的契机。最近,故宫年度大展《千里江山——历代青绿山水画特展》拉开帷幕,“冲刺”看名画的“故宫跑”再次证明,关注、热爱文化艺术已成为社会风尚。让艺术融入这种风尚,让艺术发展与公众日益增长的文化艺术需求充分对接,就可能实现艺术与商业的平衡。

文化艺术不能都是精英化、高高在上的,也可以是接地气的、可亲近的、符合大众审美的。艺术只有具有时代性,充分回应社会的文化期待,才能具有持久生命力。当然,在这个过程中,一方面需要艺术家不断创新,通过新的故事、题材、手法,让艺术体现时代价值,对接公众诉求;另一方面,公共艺术空间的管理者要为艺术家提供公益性的艺术作品展示空间,既减轻艺术家的负担,又避免重复建设,提升艺术区的综合效益。

(作者:李妍)

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