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以工匠精神构筑质量文化

2017-09-19 16:18:36   国际在线

随着中国人旅游消费升级与消费观念转型,“旅购”近年异常火爆。中国旅游研究院公布的数据显示,2016年,中国出境游达1.22万亿人次,比上一年增长4.3%;出境旅游消费1098亿美元,比上一年增长5.1%。中国已成为全球第一大出境旅游客源市场和第一大出境旅游消费国,境外消费需求日益旺盛。

为什么国人青睐出境购物,如何促使境外消费回流?不得不说,跟国外的产品相比,国内部分产品在品质和品牌方面仍有差距,品牌也缺乏显著的竞争力。因此,基于质量提升的品牌建设刻不容缓。

对此,习近平总书记高瞻远瞩地提出了“三个转变”:推动中国制造向中国创造转变、中国速度向中国质量转变、中国产品向中国品牌转变。2016年,国务院印发了《关于发挥品牌引领作用推动供需结构升级的意见》。2017年政府工作报告明确指出,要打造更多享誉世界的“中国品牌”,推动中国经济发展进入质量时代。2017年5月10日,中国迎来了第一个“中国品牌日”,这标志着品牌创建已从企业战略行为上升为国家战略,被提到新常态下经济发展的重要议事日程上。

然而,作为品牌建设的基础与核心,中国产品质量仍然存在隐忧。我国产品质量工作与人民群众的需求相比还有明显差距,特别是全社会质量意识有待提高,产品质量发展的基础仍然较为薄弱,质量安全事件时有发生。据估算,我国制造业每年因产品质量问题造成的直接损失达1700多亿元。我国虽为制造大国,但部分产品的“产量”与“质量”不匹配,受累于“低质”“低价”的名声,在国际市场上缺少足够的话语权和产品定价权。以质量提升推动品牌建设,亟需提级质量文化、提升质量供给、提高质量收益。

首先,厚植企业家精神和工匠精神,提升质量文化。中国的制造业从低附加值的加工制造向更注重高技术、高质量、高品质的“中国创造”转变依赖于质量文化的提级。质量理念、质量价值观、质量道德观、质量行为准则的全面升级不仅反映了经营策略,更是展现了企业的价值系统、哲学理念和变成企业基因的文化,即“企业家精神+工匠精神”的产品符号。以中国高铁为代表的中国制造在高端化、标准化方面取得可喜成绩,以港珠澳大桥为代表的中国建造在智能化、工业化方面也迈出坚实步伐。发挥企业家精神和工匠精神的引领作用,推动质量文化的精神、行为、制度和物质四个方面的积极演变,促进“中国制造”完成“品质革命”。

其次,提倡质量创新和标准创造,提升质量供给。质量创新是质量强国的根本动力。加大制造业企业质量技术改造支持、引导力度,支持企业积极采用新技术、新工艺、新设备、新材料。利用政策引导和市场机制作用,充分发挥国内健全的供应链,完整的产业链的创新生态优势来提升质量,塑造品牌。特别是要倡导工业产品生态设计,引领企业走绿色低碳循环发展之路,提升创新开发能力和管理水平,培育产品和品牌影响力,促进工业文明与生态文明协调发展。积极推进标准国际化战略,鼓励企业积极参与国家标准和国际标准制修订,推动标准提供机构的市场化,以中国标准的国际化带动中国高质量的产品、服务“走出去”。

再次,加强质量监管和品牌保护,提高质量收益。一方面要严格企业质量主体责任,建立企业产品和服务标准自我声明公开和监督制度;严格执行重大质量事故报告及应急处理制度,健全产品质量追溯体系,切实履行产品“三包”、缺陷产品强制召回等质量安全责任,依法承担质量损害赔偿责任,建立消费品质量安全事故强制报告制度。加强质量安全风险研判和防范,建立产品伤害监测体系,使质优价高成为市场竞争常态,形成质量品牌优胜劣汰效应。另一方面,加强知识产权运用和保护,完善品牌保护的法律法规,强化品牌维权机制,健全品牌创新的激励机制。制定品牌评价国际标准,推动建立国际互认的品牌评价体系。

质量是企业的生命,品牌是企业的灵魂。只有不断提高企业质量管理水平,夯实品牌建设的质量基础,才能让“中国创造”和“中国品牌”在世界之林绽放光彩。

(作者:王良燕林翰,单位:上海交通大学、南京审计大学。本文系国家自然科学基金重大项目课题阶段性研究成果)

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