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椰子怎么 来到海南
2017-09-18 08:37:39 中国青年网
文昌椰子公园是我省最早的乡村游景点之一。海南日报记者 李幸璜 摄
文\海南日报记者 单憬岗
“海南椰子半文昌,文昌椰子半东郊。”这是对海南椰树分布的生动描述,但是很多人都有同样的疑问:海南椰子为什么主要分布在东海岸,而且以文昌东郊居多?
这要从椰子的原产地说起。椰子原产于亚太地区的美拉尼西亚群岛和新西兰,考古学家曾在那里的冲积层内发现100万年以前的椰子化石。距今4000年左右,居住在马来群岛的人们已驯化并种植椰子树了。而马来群岛距离海南岛,只隔了一个南海。
“椰子的果皮纤维丰富,有利于海流传播。”中科院华南植物园首席研究员邢福武介绍说,当成熟的椰果掉落到海滩上或海水里,被暖湿的洋流漂到适合的环境,就生根发芽,繁衍成林。
这是有科学根据的。1938年,C·H·Edmoomson曾经做过一个实验,证明椰子在海中漂浮110天后,还能生长且能在海水中发芽,而这110天所能漂流的距离可达4828公里。而南海的南北长约2400公里,东西宽约1440公里,椰子可以漂在海上轻易跨越。
海南岛所在的南海洋流,夏季南海西岸盛行西南季风,洋流也是西南—东北流向。因此,从南海南部过来的洋流,可以将马来群岛和中南半岛沿海的椰子一路运送到位于南海西北岸的海南岛东海岸登陆,生根发芽。在海南岛东北部,有一个凸起的半岛,即文昌半岛,像伸出的一只手,挡住了海南岛沿岸的夏季洋流。而东郊正好在这个半岛的颈部,因此成为椰子登陆生长的最好的地点。
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