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【喜迎十九大·文脉颂中华】贵州“非遗”铺就美丽脱贫之路

2017-09-17 13:01:38   央广网

非遗”住进民族记忆里

贵州是一个多民族聚居的省份,系古代几大族群迁徙流转之地,苗族、布依族、侗族、水族、仡佬族、彝族、土家族等17个世居少数民族在这块土地上创造了各具特色的文化样式,构成了贵州省丰富的非物质文化遗产。

山高谷深、地貌复杂,独特的自然环境从前阻碍了贵州各民族与外界的交流,却让散落在大山深处极具史料价值的民族文化、民族服饰、节日习俗得以原汁原味地保存下来。

目前,贵州共有人类非物质文化遗产代表作名录2项,国家级名录85项140处,省级名录561项709处,市、州级名录1000多项,县级名录4000多项。

侗族大歌

然而,“非遗”不仅仅是一种文化的符号,一串显目的数字,更是贵州各民族精神价值、思维方式、想象力和文化意识的体现。

农闲时节,黎平县小黄村的侗人们在鼓楼中长坐,教歌学歌对歌的侗人不闻鸡鸣不散。侗家人常常自豪地说:“我们会说话的,就会唱侗歌!”

在贵阳清镇一带的四印苗女性还部分保留着在夜晚绩麻、抡线、纺线、煮麻、洗麻、牵、织衣、挑花、绘蜡花。他们把生活绣进一针一线。

银饰

在麻山地区一带的苗族至今仍有歌师唱诵苗族英雄史诗《亚鲁王》,他们相信灵魂在唱诵中能跟追随祖先亚鲁王回到故土。

……

不得不提的是,这些根植于农耕社会的贵州非物质文化遗产在闪耀着灿烂光芒的同时,随着现代社会的推进同样面临着极大威胁。

保护“活”态文化

“一些非遗代表性项目失去了生存的土壤和空间,还存在传承人群普遍存在文化素养不足等弱点。”贵州省非物质文化遗产保护中心副主任龙佑铭曾在采访中表示。

从文化生态入手,贵州着力于非遗项目所在地的文化生态保护。2012年,贵州颁布了《贵州省非物质文化遗产保护条例》,专门对建立文化生态保护区作了具体的规定。2014年5月又出台《贵州省非物质文化遗产保护发展规划(2014—2020年)》等相继出台……从单个非遗项目保护提升为区域与项目保护并重,重点在保存当地传统的生产生活方式和人文生态,确保非遗项目活态传承。

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