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研究:世界长寿树种狐尾松或面临生存困境

2017-09-17 10:06:38   央广网

【环球网综合报道】据美国彭博社援引美联社9月14日报道,以抗风、枝节多瘤和长寿著称的狐尾松树(bristlecone pine tree)分布于美国西部境内。研究人员13日表示,狐尾松在“山顶竞赛”中失利,其后代岌岌可危。

研究表明,由于气候变化影响,狐尾松远亲柔松竞相往山顶蔓延,扎根于温暖适宜的温度带,使得后来者狐尾松无落脚之地。研究者将这两类竞争树种比作参与慢跑竞赛的老者,花数千年时间向山上攀爬。气候变化则是比赛开始的发令枪。

该研究负责人、加州大学戴维斯校区的博士研究生布莱恩 史密瑟斯(Brian Smithers)表示:“柔松正占据所有的有利点,这不利于生态平衡。“

研究人员指出,狐尾松可存活5千年,是地球上最为长寿的生物。加州、内华达州、犹他州西部境内分布有小片狐尾松林。其生于贫瘠的石灰土,繁茂于高地,经受大风和极端天气的锤炼。严酷环境使得狐尾松枝干遒曲。为在长期干旱条件下存活下来,狐尾松部分枝干枯萎,树皮如朽木般死寂。然而,星星点点的嫩绿松针分布其间,象征生机与活力。

最为长寿、享誉最广的狐尾松寿星分布于加州东部的怀特山。其远亲柔松也是长寿者,可存活2千年。研究人员发现,主要分布于较低海拔的柔松已开始超越狐尾松分布海拔。该研究为期3年,计算了近50年来高于历史分布线的生长树种。大部分柔松往更高海拔的方向生长。“很奇怪,柔松往坡上发展,而狐尾松却并未往坡上发展。”

史密瑟斯表示,他不清楚美国西部境内狐尾松的确切数目。其并未濒危物种,只是有可能从几千年以来的栖息地中被排挤出来。这项有关气候变化对两类树种影响的研究,可帮助理解多种林木分布树林的复杂变化。

8月30日,来自加州大学植物学院和美国林务局(U.S. Forest Service )的研究者将该研究发表于科学期刊《全球变化生物学》上。(实习编译:倪雪琪 审稿:田瑞哲)            

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