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中医进校园培育传统文化

2017-09-17 09:56:39   央广网

近年来,“中医进校园”已成为人大代表和政协委员的共同呼声。如今,随着浙江五年级小学生开设中医课的落地,意味着“中医从娃娃抓起”由倡导变为付诸行动。尽管存在极大的争议,不过在小学开设中医课,于现实而言具有实验意义。

中医进校园有利于中医的普及。作为传统国粹,中医辨症施治的理论经过几千年的发展,其科学性、有效性和合理性得到了充分的验证。然而近年来,随着西风渐进和西医普及,一度出现了“中医粉”和“西医粉”的论战,其间不乏对中医的污名化,甚至将其视为伪科学。中医价值认同的下降,最直接的结果就是中医的群众基础日益薄弱,中医的传承与普及受到影响。“洋为中用,中西结合”的医疗格局处于失衡,“西医”独大的局面必然对中医的基础体系和民间构架形成冲击。从小培养中医常识,对中医的科学性具有科学的认知,已然成为当务之急。

中医进校园也有利于培育中医文化。文化的形成离不开群体的力量,只有全社会都具有高度的热情,才能再次形成“中医热”,让中医在传承中得到弘扬。在目前的中医传播过程中,最大的瓶颈在于缺乏对中医价值传导和宣传的平台。学校教育作为教育体系中的重要部分,具有无以替代的社会性功能。让学校教育在中医普及中起到重要作用,既是学校教育的功能担当,也是严峻现实的必然要求。

客观而言,中医进校园更是素质教育的创新。教育最主要的功能应当是人格塑造和素质培育,这也是素质教育追求的目标。中医不仅是一门医学,更是哲学、解剖学、生理学、心理学等多门学科的综合体。中医学把人看作一个整体,认为人与自然环境、心理、社会因素密切相关,对中医整体观和辨证论治的医疗体系的把握,有助于未成年人的价值培育和人格塑造。在国民科学素养整体有待提高的情况下,中医进校园有利于素质教育的扩容和提质。

但也要看到,热闹的各种“进校园”项目或活动常常流于形式,既没有过程上的责任考核,也没有结果上的绩效检验,“从娃娃抓起”的目的远未达到。很显然,中医进校园能否摆脱“进而无效”的尴尬,离不开体系的保障和环境的营造,只有解决了基础性问题,才能让“在小学设立中医课”的探索收获丰硕成果。

开设一门课程,尤其像中医这样独特的专业课,既需要适应年龄阶段的教材,又需要能教研一体化的师资,更离不开教育实践的保障。任何一个环节出了问题,都无法得到持续有序的推进。尤其是如何适应小学生的认知能力和学习规律,真正让小学生从中获益,以及如何配备合适的师资,是当前亟待解决的几个关键问题。此外,在现有的教育体系和环境下,如何实现中医教育与既有体系的兼容,从而让其不被边缘化和虚置化,又让其发挥素质教育的功能,从而在教育改革中扮演先行者的角色,教育者既需要有敢于尝鲜的勇气,又需要有灵活应对的智慧。

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