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美国政府债务总额“爆表” 首破20万亿,人均6.2万美元

2017-09-15 09:41:43   中国青年网

美国国债钟上的数字不断上涨。

美国总统特朗普近日签署法案,将提高政府债务上限和政府开支法案延长至12月8日后,美国联邦政府拖欠的债务总额便在签署法案当日暴增3175.9亿美元,首次突破20万亿美元大关。

发债需求释放 一天内暴增3175.9亿美元

自今年3月重新设定债务上限以来,美国财政部用各种“非常措施”,确保将债务控制在19.845万亿美元以下。据报道,美国政府背负的债务总额7日还是19.844万亿美元,但在特朗普8日签署法案后,此前积攒下来的发债需求一下子释放,债务总额“爆表”,一天内暴增3175.9亿美元,冲至20.162万亿美元。这意味着每个美国公民一出生就被分摊了6.2万美元国债。

而据美国国会预算办公室此前测算,美国政府公共债务占GDP比重已经高达77%,总债务则占101%,到2047年将达到150%。

21世纪后飙涨 债务上限提或不提都是难题

如果将政府债务上限比作信用卡额度,那么美国政府负责刷卡,而国会掌握财政大权,决定信用卡的透支额度。当持卡人即政府用尽额度,发卡行即国会便投票商议是否提高额度。

在现实生活中,当信用卡持卡人耗尽额度时,可以向银行申请临时提高透支额度,但永久提额并不那么容易,以此督促持卡人量入为出。美国国会这一“发卡行”多年来却在不断给政府提高信用额度,自1940年以来美国政府债务上限几乎连年提高,进入21世纪后更是飙涨。

上海社科院世界经济研究所副所长徐明棋补充说,唯一的特例是克林顿总统第二任期内,由于赶上信息产业革命推动经济迅速增长,美国政府财政略有盈余,债务总额出现减少。但小布什总统任内以反恐为名发动阿富汗战争和伊拉克战争,又耗尽了“家底”。2006年,当时还是参议员的奥巴马高喊:“美国面临糟糕的债务问题和领导团队,美国人值得更好的,我打算反对一切试图提高债务上限的做法。”但当上总统后的奥巴马并未能够下决心解决财政赤字问题,甚至奥巴马医改还“挖了个更大的坑”,让债务规模几乎翻了一倍。

《芝加哥论坛报》专栏记者埃里克·措恩指出,自美国政府1917年设定债务上限以来,迄今已经提高债务上限100余次。然而,债务上限提或不提都会带来难题。如果保持债务上限不变,美国政府很可能耗尽“家财”,陷入停摆困境。2013年10月,国会两党未能就新预算达成一致,政府停摆。美国媒体称,这将导致“重大的政治危机和经济严重下滑”。但如果继续提高债务上限,美国又会陷入花光、提额、再花光、再提额的债务漩涡中难以脱身。

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