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美媒:F22战机首飞已过20年 性能仍是空中霸主

2017-09-15 09:16:42   国际在线

【环球网军事9月15日报道】美国《大众机械》月刊网站9月7日发表题为《距首飞已过去20年,F-22仍是空中霸主》的报道称,F-22A战斗机于1997年首次升空,开创了喷气式战斗机的新时代,也启发了一大批模仿者。20年后,“猛禽”依旧是空中霸主。但是,美国也需要对这种战斗机——美国空军计划让其一直服役至2060年——进行一系列重要升级,以确保其一直具备作战能力。

F-22A“猛禽”战斗机的设计初衷是作为F-15C“鹰”式战斗机的替代品。作为第一款二战后第五代战斗机(第四代战斗机包括F-16和F/A-18等),“猛禽”的设计可谓从零开始。这款战斗机的特点包括在不开加力的情况下以1.5马赫的速度进行巡航的能力、高隐形性以及先进的武器和电子设备,这些特点还在继续定义着第五代战机这一门类。

尽管“猛禽”目前处在第五代机型的最顶峰,但这一位置不可能永远不变。五角大楼最初订购了750架“猛禽”,但最后购买了不到200架。这款战斗机也错过了在它被引入之后出现的一系列技术创新,包括使得其能够和其他美国军机共享数据的先进联网能力,以及飞行员只需用头盔对准敌人,就能让AIM-9X“响尾蛇”等红外制导导弹瞄准对方的技术。

美国已经对F-22机群进行过小规模升级改造,并且计划在2024年实施十分重要的“中期改造”。此次升级将会对软件和硬件进行相当大的更新,并且应该也会添加更多功能,比如红外头盔提示系统。

尽管如此,2024年的升级改造计划仍会受到防务预算的限制。美国空军将需要获得必要的资金,并且还要同时为F-35战斗机、KC-46空中加油机、B-21隐形轰炸机、T-X喷气式教练机以及陆基战略威慑核导弹买单。美国空军还想在几乎同一时间启用F-22最终的替代产品——“突防型制空平台”,这需要在之前的10年里在研发方面投入大量资金。

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