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在“灵魂发育”季节遇见文化(评论员观察)

2017-09-15 07:26:41   央广网

陈颖

如何用好我们的文化资源,让文化与人相遇,让人与文化相知,是一个时代“文化引航”的问题

随故宫掌门人感受紫禁城的厚重,听文物局局长讲首都“三个文化带”,与专家学者探讨古典诗词,在“红色地图”上发现文化场馆……新学年开始,北京针对20多万大学新生开展“新生引航工程”,其中一项重要内容是文化引航——开设中华优秀传统文化公开课。从北京的历史地理,到古诗词的永恒韵味,让年轻学子与传统握手、与文化对话,成为了别具一格的开学第一课。

大学阶段,可说是一个人生命中“灵魂发育”的季节。而文化能育人、能化人,能让人“精神成人”,人文素养决定着灵魂的成色。正如一个棱镜,我们能看到怎样的世界,依赖于我们的教养、知识乃至期望。从这个角度看,文化教育绝非可有可无,而应该是基础教育、通识教育。印度诗人泰戈尔说,“不是槌的打击,而是水的载歌载舞,使鹅卵石臻于完善”。可以说,文化的教育对于大学生而言,正是一种作用于心灵的和风细雨、润物无声的伟大力量。

文化无所不在,但要真正进入文化,领悟其中的美好、体认其中的价值,却是需要引领的。不过现实中,很多人对大学的期待重在专业而非人文,学生往往囿于学科,而导致人文视野萎缩。即便是开设了人文通识课程,也还存在太刻板的问题,既缺质感也少温度。或许,在雪后的故宫漫步一小时,对于传统文化的体认,也可能强过在教室里死记硬背一整天古书。打开大学生的文化视野,激发年轻人的文化兴趣,需要让他们更多地进入“文化场景”,感受文化、思考文化、追寻文化。正如北京大学一名新生说的,参观是立体的感受,把课本上平面的知识变得更生动了。

网友常说,北京是“帝都”,上海是“魔都”。虽属玩笑,却也能看到不同城市的文化底蕴。对于古都北京而言,故宫的红墙碧瓦,圆明园的断壁残垣,晴天中划破长空的鸽哨,皇城根京韵十足的唱腔……可谓典型的文化资源。确立新生的文化坐标,北京可说是找到了抓手。习近平总书记曾强调,“让收藏在博物馆里的文物、陈列在广阔大地上的遗产、书写在古籍里的文字都活起来”。这些文物、遗产、文字要活起来,就是要与更多的心灵相遇,成为更多人的生命体验。

通过引航,让年轻的心灵与古老的文化相遇,不仅是让人受到文化的浸染,也是让文化活起来的最好方式。一方面,以建筑、以文字、以文物的形式存在的文化,通过与年轻学子的对话,融入了现代生活场景,不再是文化标本,而是传递着数千年文脉的文化活体。另一方面,文化要通过人来传承与弘扬,与文化亲密接触的学子,也将成为传承与弘扬文化的载体。文化的种子一经播种在他们的心灵,文化的花朵也必将随之开遍四方。

不仅仅是大学生,更多的群体都需要进入文化现场,让文化融入生活、融入生命。曾有这样一条消息:一位76岁的拾荒老人,在杭州图书馆认真地读书看报,拿起书前他都会先去把手洗干净。对文化的渴望与敬畏,让人默然良久。我们也总会看到,小朋友们在美术馆的作品前认真描摹,年轻人沉醉在街头艺人的歌声中不愿离开,办公室白领为了参观一个展览排队几个小时……人们如此渴望生活为文化所滋养,如此渴望用文化打开自己生命的可能,这已成了一种共同的社会气质、时代需求。如何用好用足我们的文化资源,让文化与人相遇,让人与文化相知,是一个时代“文化引航”的问题。

法国学者涂尔干曾说,“教育本身不过是对成熟的思想文化的一种选编”。以文化引航年轻的心,是让文化活起来,浸染他们的生命;而以文化引航一个社会,也会让文化在与时代、与受众的互动中,进入新的境界。

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