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罕见病患者面临诊治两难窘境 盘点各国救助与社会保障措施

2017-09-14 14:52:22   央广网

央广网北京9月14日消息 据中国之声《全球华语广播网》报道,几年前的盛夏季节,一桶冰水浇身的“冰桶挑战赛”,唤起了公众对肌萎缩侧索硬化症(俗称“渐冻人”)等罕见病群体的关心。一阵喧嚣之后,人们对这个群体的关注度似乎又回到了原点;那些罕见病患者仍在为获得廉价有效的治疗方案,与生活做抗争。

近日,第十二届国际罕见病与孤儿药大会在北京举办,这是该项会议第一次在中国举办。虽然在亚太地区已有多项举措,以推动罕见病的诊断和治疗,但公众与医学界对罕见病的认知水平仍不容乐观。

会上,北京协和医院副院长张抒扬表示,中国计划在2020年前初步完成国家罕见病注册登记系统,开展超过50种、5万例的罕见病注册登记研究。这项研究有助于了解疾病精准的临床表现和自然演变过程,为疾病干预研究奠定基础。

国家罕见病注册研究体系执行总监弓孟春博士希望从学术和临床服务的角度,在全国范围内铺设一个庞大的转诊、会诊以及诊断咨询体系。弓孟春表示,罕见病是人类面临的重大共同挑战,缺医少药、科研进展缓慢、全球政策壁垒高筑等是核心问题。由于普遍存在科研投入少、诊断率低、缺乏有效治疗手段且药物往往不在医保体系内的问题,罕见病患者一出生便会面临着“病无所医”、“医无所药”、“药无所保”的种种窘境。

根据世界卫生组织的定义,罕见病为患病人数占总人口0.65‰-1‰的疾病。世界各国根据自己国家的具体情况,对罕见病的认定标准存在一定的差异。例如,美国将罕见病定义为每年患病人数少于20万人的疾病;日本规定,罕见病为患病人数少于5万的疾病。接下来我们就把目光投向海外,看看其他国家罕见病病人的社会保障如何?又存在怎样的救助困境?

俄罗斯:法律规定罕见病病人界定条件 仅24种罕见病患者可获免费治疗

俄罗斯一向以全民免费医保的高福利著称,罕见病病人也能获得免费治疗。俄罗斯政府通过法律形式,规定了罕见病病人界定条件,以及提供医疗援助的程序。不过在《全球华语广播网》俄罗斯观察员张舜衡看来,这看似完美的俄罗斯罕见病救助法案的背后,却是现实的种种无奈。

张舜衡介绍,根据俄罗斯医学科学院的数据,俄罗斯约有30万人患有罕见病,而政府直到2012年才颁布了关于罕见病的法律。对于罕见病的界定,俄罗斯的界定标准是“每10万人口不超过10例”。俄卫生部编制了两份罕见疾病清单:第一份是24个威胁生命的罕见病清单,第二份是230种普通罕见病清单。俄罗斯目前只能为第一份清单中的24种疾病提供免费治疗,第二份清单只能证明患者患有罕见病这一事实,但得不到任何国家救助。

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