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英国议会通过《大废除法案》 为“脱欧”扫除法律障碍

2017-09-13 15:31:23   央广网

央广网北京9月13日消息(记者张奥)据经济之声《天下公司》报道,英国议会经过两天的激烈讨论,最终以326票支持、290票反对的结果,通过了《大废除法案》,这也被誉为“脱欧”以来的关键议案。“脱欧”实际上是英国公民公投的结果,为什么还需要议会通过这样一个《大废除法案》?

中国银行伦敦交易中心的高级研究员宋达志表示:“《大废除法案》就是把现有的欧盟法律转化为英国法律,以保证英国在脱欧之后法律的持续稳定性。英国在加入欧盟之后,要适用于本国的法律,同时也要遵守欧盟的相关法律。‘脱欧’之后,英国不再是欧盟的成员国,就没有必要在遵循欧盟的法律。所以要把相关的现阶段的欧盟法律转化为英国法律。由于是一个新的法案,按照英国的政治体系,必须通过上下议院的投票通过后才可以实施。现阶段,英国的一些法律规定都是遵循欧盟的。比如,在英国合法居住满10年后就有权申请为英国的居民,这一条不是英国本身的法律,而是在加入欧盟之后欧盟的法律。修改英国的法律也是脱欧投票的动力之一,很多英国的民族主义者觉得英国的主权尤其是法律主权重新拿回到英国人手里。”

英国与欧盟的“脱欧”谈判已经结束了第三轮,但是在“分手费”上,在“英国的北爱尔兰与欧盟的爱尔兰之间的边境未来是否开放”的问题、居民身份对等等问题上都存在很大争议,所以至今毫无进展。英国经济是不是已经受到“脱欧”不确定性的拖累?

宋达志说:“欧盟谈判对英国经济的影响是显而易见的。去年在‘脱欧’公投结果出来后,接下来的两个季度英国的经济其实还是不错的,很大一部分受益于英镑的贬值。英镑的贬值刺激了英国的服务业、制造业出口。2016年下半年两个季度的GDP增长,环比增长都不错,一个0.5,一个0.7。但是今年以来,‘脱欧’对英国负面的影响非常明显。其中有两个原因:第一,英镑贬值之后,虽然出口受益,但是进口的原材料、成本也增加了;第二,英国是一个自然资源比较匮乏的国家,很多东西都需要进口包括衣、食、住、行,所以英镑贬值后进口的东西就比原来更贵一些,通胀率也上涨,这导致英国家庭的购买力下降。西方很多国家的经济增长模式是以消费来驱动的,也抑制了英国的经济增长。对于英镑而言,‘脱欧’肯定是一个重要的影响因素。在‘脱欧’公投之前,英镑的汇率对美元是1.5,但是公投之后马上就降到1.3以下,甚至一度达到1.2。观察市场可以发现,一旦出现有利于英国的消息,英镑就比较坚挺。如果有比较大的分歧时,英镑就受挫。另一个间接原因是:‘脱欧’导致英镑贬值后,英国通胀率上升,间接影响到英格兰银行的货币政策,也影响到了英镑的汇率。”

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