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登革热肆虐 出国旅游需小心“花斑蚊”

2017-09-13 11:16:30   央广网

央广网宁波9月13日消息(记者杜金明 通讯员张亚运 吴任民 任东峰)近期,斯里兰卡、科特迪瓦、马来西亚、越南、菲律宾、印度、老挝等多国暴发登革热疫情。登革热是由登革病毒经蚊媒传播引起的急性虫媒传染病。夏末秋初,正是出国旅游的旺季,也是蚊子的活跃季节,是登革热最容易流行的时期。宁波检验检疫部门提醒,近期赴南美、非洲及东南亚等热带及亚热带地区旅游的旅客需注意防蚊措施,谨防感染。

登革热的典型临床表现为突发高热,一两天内体温升高到39℃~40℃,体温常持续一周不退;伴有较剧烈的头痛、肌肉痛、关节痛,整个人觉得很疲乏;面、颈、胸部潮红,甚至出现眼结膜充血、浅表淋巴结肿大等;四肢躯干或头面部多样性皮疹,严重者有出血倾向。登革热的潜伏期一般为3~14天,多数为5~8天。在国外期间或者归国后15内出现以上症状,就要警惕了。

登革热的传播媒介主要是埃及伊蚊和白纹伊蚊,均属于伊蚊属,也就是我们通常所说的“花斑蚊”,其最大的特点是身体黑白相间。病毒通过蚊子的叮咬传染给人类,但不会由人直接传染给人,也不会由空气或接触传播。蚊子通常在吸食被感染人血液时获得病毒,被感染的蚊子终生均能传播病毒,少数还可经卵将病毒传给后代。

患者和隐性感染者是登革热的主要传染来源。患者在发病前1天至发病后5天都具有传染性。还有一部分人感染登革病毒后,病毒在血液中存在但不发病,即隐性感染,但是同样能通过伊蚊将病毒传给其他人。

目前尚无疫苗可以预防登革热,也没有针对登革热的特效药物,仅能对症治疗。登革热发病时需及时就医。

据统计,2016年中国旅客出境旅游人数达1.22亿人次,同比增长4.3%。其中泰国、马来西亚、菲律宾、斯里兰卡等东南亚国家是国人出行旅游人数最多的目的地之一。而目前,登革热正流行于全球热带及亚热带地区100多个国家和地区,尤其是在东南亚、太平洋岛屿、加勒比海和非洲部分国家等。据统计,疫情严重的东南亚,非洲等国家感染总人数已超过20万人,同时我国各省均有从疫区感染登革热的输入性病例报告。

金九银十,正值秋高气爽,再加上国庆中秋长假临近,很多人已经开始准备安排出游计划,因此检验检疫部门提醒,出游前,可以先上网或向检疫部门了解当地的情况或者该地区有什么流行病,做好预防措施后再前往。如果前往南美、东南亚、非洲等登革热流行地区,必须采取防蚊措施,比如外出时穿着长袖长裤,并在皮肤裸露部分涂抹驱蚊避蚊药品;避免在蚊子活动高峰期(一般是下午4,5时或上午9,10时),在树荫、草丛、凉亭、垃圾站,水坑等蚊子易出没的地方逗留;选择有空调或有蚊帐、防蚊纱窗的宾馆,并可在当地购买蚊香、杀蚊剂、驱蚊器等装备。一旦身体不适,出现发热、头疼、关节痛等症状,要及时就医,并告知医生外出旅行史,以便早期诊断治疗。

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