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审视物理“遇冷”的教育命题

2017-09-13 07:26:23   央广网

桂从路

进入9月中旬,开学季虽然告一段落,但围绕教育的话题却层出不穷。近日,有媒体报道,在实行新高考改革的上海,选择物理科目的考生仅占总数的30%;浙江的近30万考生中,选考物理的也只有8万人。物理学科被考生“嫌弃”,与曾经流行的“学好数理化,走遍天下都不怕”的口号形成鲜明对比。

物理学科“遇冷”背后有多方面原因。对学生来说,“物理太难”使得作业量大幅增加,还不一定能取得高分,可谓“性价比太低”。在不少家长看来,高中物理中的牛顿力学、电磁学等知识太过高深,不从事科学研究的孩子们掌握日常生活中的常识也就绰绰有余。对学校而言,物理学科非常依赖教学资源,因此一些优质教育资源欠缺的学校倾向让学生放弃物理。而一些地方的新高考模式中,自由选考的三门科目并非按照实考分数,而是采取对全省位次进行排名赋分,即便是成绩较好的学生,也担心无法获得较好的位次而选择放弃。

前不久,教育部将科学课程提前到小学一年级,培养孩子们的科学素养和创新能力成为重要目标;而到了高中阶段,作为自然科学的基础学科和带头学科的物理却遭冷遇,这让很多物理学界人士“心塞”。教育专家认为,物理教育的缺失会带来许多后果,对国家来说,物理人才出现断层将导致工业发展后继乏力;而在个体层面,没有物理知识做基础,进入大学阶段进一步研究将遇到阻力。

高中阶段学习的物理知识,在后来的学习乃至工作中,直接作用可能不明显,但物理学科培养的理性思维和逻辑能力,以及对宇宙、自然的兴趣和认知,对所有学科都有意义。今天,各个行业各个领域的交叉发展要求我们的知识体系更为多元和健全,要想在加速迭代的格局中掌握主动权、避免被淘汰,科学思维非常重要。面对高考,个人选择的空间可能会被升学压力所挤压,不利于得分的物理在一次次功利考量中被排除,但无论是家长还是学生都清楚一个道理:人生是一场马拉松,考上大学并不是终点,未来的跋涉还需要在基础学科有深厚积淀,才能厚积薄发。

事实上,不少地区在探索新高考改革中,已经意识到可能造成的物理学科“遇冷”等问题,一些针对性的措施不断出台,比如确定物理作为理科必修课程,比如一些大学在某些专业招生中明确物理是必选。这让我们看到,教育改革不仅需要良好的顶层设计,也需要在实践中不断探索和完善,而在当下,究竟需要怎样的教育,依然是一个值得不断被追问的命题。通过3+X的方式为学生提供自由选择的空间,但如何确保物理这样的基础性学科不“遇冷”,这需要在尊重个性发展和满足整体利益之间做好平衡。

教育的初衷是育人。客观来说,目前高考还是指挥棒,学生和家长不可避免地追求高分,但涉及未来长远发展时,更应该从短期利益的束缚中解放出来,追求更完备、更长远、更丰富的目标。换句话说,破除功利主义、回归教育初心,还需要更多的努力和探索。

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