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外媒:中国领导世界可再生能源革命

2017-09-12 17:01:09   

中国日报网9月12日电 世界经济论坛英文网站报道,在2017年初,中国宣布到2020年将投资3600亿美元用于可再生能源,并废除了修建85座煤炭发电厂的计划。今年3月,中国官方报告称,中国已超额完成能源效率、碳排放强度以及清洁能源份额的官方目标。就在上个月,中国的能源监管机构,国家能源总局,推出了减少中国对煤炭依赖程度的新措施。

这些只是中国处于全球能源转型中心的最新迹象,这种转型是由技术变革和可再生能源成本的下降所驱动。但中国不仅是投资可再生能源和淘汰煤炭,它在全球能源需求中占据的份额也在增长。这意味着中国经济持续转向以服务和消费为主导的增长,将重塑全球能源版图。

与此同时,由于自动驾驶汽车和共享出行的发展,各种其他因素——包括住宅、工业和商业建筑能源效率的提高,运输能源的需求降低等,都在减少全球资源的消耗。

根据麦肯锡全球研究所(MGI)名为《超级周期之上:技术将如何重塑资源》的最新报告,这些新趋势正在减缓全球对一次能源(primary energy)的需求。如果新技术的快速应用能够持续下去,全球能源需求到2025年可能会达到峰值。接下来,随着能源使用密集度的降低以及利用效率的提高,全球经济的能源生产力可能会在未来20年里提高40%-70%。

中国在降低能源密集度上已取得重大进展:在1980年至2010年间,中国经济增长了18倍,但能源消耗仅增长5倍。根据世行统计数据,中国单位GDP能源密集度下降了70%。

可再生能源是中国能源密集度下降的原因之一。中国希望在这一领域成为全球佼佼者,每年在国内投资多达1000亿美元用于可再生能源——这是美国对其国内可再生能源投资的两倍,甚至超过了美国和欧盟年度投资的总合。

这些趋势表明,中国将成为全球能源需求和能源尖端技术的主要来源,意味着它将拥有独特的机会在全球担当领导地位。中国在降低能源密集度上的经验,可为发展中国家提供路线图,其在国内外可再生能源的投资则将带来更多的科技突破,从而降低各地消费者的成本。

尽管存在各种障碍,技术创新应有助于中国生产者实现生产力的提高,并为消费者节约成本。根据麦肯锡全球研究所(MGI),到2035年,主要商品的供需变化可能会令全球能源总成本下降9000亿美元到1.6万亿美元。

这种节约能源成本的规模,不仅取决于新技术的采用有多快,还取决于政策制定者以及公司企业如何适应新的环境。不过,总体来说,还是取决于中国。

(译者:王亮亮 编辑:党超峰 王辉)

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