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读懂“陪读大军”背后的教育焦虑

2017-09-10 10:17:38   央广网

看待陪读现象,决不能简单以一句“可怜天下父母心”待之;而缓解陪读现象,政府、社会、家庭都是重要的责任主体。

开学季,有关陪读的话题又热了起来。某知名中学周边,陪读房已“一房难求”,粗略统计,校内房三年租金高达24万;一套距离市中心20多公里的房子租出了比市中心还高的价格,唯一的原因就是旁边有一所优质中学,一掷千金求租的人,皆为陪读而来……从农村到县城,再从县城到大城市,陪读家庭如游牧般举家迁徙,不为追逐丰美的水草,只以心中优质的教育资源为目标,择校而居。

对于陪读,这一发端于上世纪80年代末的现象,许多家庭都不陌生。中国社科院的相关统计显示,我国36.8%的家庭存在父母陪读的现象,覆盖从小学、中学、大学到硕士、博士的全部阶段,而十多年前播出的电视剧《陪读》也细致呈现了“望子成龙”的人间悲喜,将剧中父母为了孩子学习付出的沉重代价,刻画得淋漓尽致。

根据陪读的表现形态,大体可分为临时性陪读、阶段性陪读、隐匿性陪读、全程性陪读等几类。临时性陪读主要指家长在工作之余,在孩子接受课外辅导过程中给予的陪同;阶段性陪读指在孩子学习的关键时期,如升学、高考等阶段的陪同;隐匿性陪读是指家长看似工作,实则以工作名义陪读;全过程陪读多为生活在农村的家长为照顾远离家乡求学的孩子,举家迁徙的陪读。多种陪读样态也催生了“陪读经济”。以位于安徽六安市大别山深处的毛坦厂镇为代表,一所学校拉动了一个地区的经济,学期中,镇内人声鼎沸,一放假,人去城空,学校成了一座城的“心脏”与“晴雨表”。而培训机构门口的咖啡厅与小卖部、小吃店的人流如织;优质学校附近房屋的紧俏与价格的畸高,等等,都是“陪读经济”的样貌。

多元的陪读现象,折射的正是复杂的教育图景。优质教育资源仍不够均衡,是“陪读大军”产生的根本原因。尽管随着教育投入的增加、教育均衡的推进,教育资源校际、城乡、区域间不均衡的状况已经大大改观,但优质教育资源的高位均衡距离公众期待仍有差距。良禽择木而栖,望子成龙的家长自然也会择名校而居。再加上部分家庭对于升学与应试的过度追求,一切与学习无关的事情都该由父母包办的错误教育观和成长观,家长也就被裹挟进陪读队伍。

打量陪读现象,从来都不应只在教育维度进行。因为整个社会的文化与心态,成才观、价值观以及城镇化的进程、城市教育文化等公共资源的布局,都将对家长的心态和选择产生重要影响。反过来,家长的教育选择也会反作用于地区的教育发展。从这个角度来说,看待陪读现象,决不能简单以一句“可怜天下父母心”待之。而缓解陪读现象,应该从优质教育资源的均衡布局、科学成才观与教育观的引导、互联网在线教育手段的丰富、师资力量的培训等多方面着手,政府、社会、家庭都是重要的责任主体。

当然,陪读现象绝非我们国家特有,也绝非无法破解的痼疾难题,因为这是在教育事业改革发展进程中的阶段性产物。相信随着多方合力推动,人们会以更加理性的心态看待子女的教育和成才,新时期的“孟母三迁”及候鸟式、游牧式家长也会越来越少。(赵婀娜)

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