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2017未来科学大奖获奖名单公布 潘建伟、施一公、许晨阳获奖

2017-09-09 18:31:40   央广网

央广网北京9月9日消息(记者刘天思)2017未来科学大奖9月9日在北京公布获奖名单。中国科学技术大学潘建伟凭借其在在量子光学技术方面的创造性贡献,使基于量子密钥分发的安全通信成为现实可能获得“物质科学奖”,清华大学施一公因其在解析真核信使RNA剪接体这一关键复合物的结构,揭示活性部位及分子层面机理的重大贡献摘得“生命科学奖”。今年首度颁发的“数学与计算机科学奖”则授予在双有理代数几何学上作出的极其深刻的贡献的北京大学许晨阳。

今年“物质科学奖”获奖者潘建伟和他领导的研究团队发展了一系列量子光学方面的创新技术,包括高全同性单光子源、超高亮度多光子纠缠源、独立光子间的量子干涉、线性光学量子逻辑操作等,利用基于光纤和可信中继的量子密钥分发实现城域和城际范围的安全量子通信,利用基于卫星和自由空间平台的量子密钥分发实现洲际尺度的实用化的量子通信。这些发展最终将带来一个连接中国和世界各个角落的实用量子网络。

通信安全是人们数千年来一直追求的目标。在现代社会,包括商业和金融、军事和国家安全在内的很多领域都依赖通信安全。目前的加密方法如RSA和SHA通信协议都面临着来自量子计算机的威胁。而另一方面,基于量子力学基本原理的量子密钥分发提供了原理上无条件安全的加密方式,从而提供了一种终极的安全通信手段。

潘建伟的工作使得中国在量子通信领域处于世界领先地位。他的团队首先于2009年在合肥、2012年在济南使用光纤实现了城市量子通信网络。在2016年,他们使用光纤在北京和上海间建设了世界上最长(超过2000公里)的量子链路,并通过十几个可信中继站来克服脆弱量子信号的衰减。为了克服由于不完美的单光子源和探测器导致的安全漏洞,潘建伟团队发展了诱骗态量子密钥分发和基于独立光子干涉的测量设备无关量子密钥分发,使得量子通信的现实应用成为可能。该团队还率先发展了包括纠缠交换和纠缠纯化、量子存储和相位稳定方法在内的量子中继技术,来最终取代这些可信中继。潘建伟发展的多光子干涉在这些技术中再次发挥关键作用。

潘建伟团队还成功实现了世界上第一个卫星与地面之间的双向量子链路,使得星地间的量子密钥分发可以超过千公里,成码率超过1kbps。这是一个在极端条件下(大气湍流、强震动、强温差、宇宙射线等)首次达到的高精度量子光学操控实验。此外,该团队具有高空间分辨能力的、在强背景下对单光子的高灵敏探测技术,以及高精度的瞄准、捕获、跟踪技术,使得基于卫星平台的自由空间量子通信成为可能。

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