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欧洲央行维持利率不变 暗示或于10月决定调整货币政策

2017-09-08 13:46:45   央广网

央广网北京9月8日消息 据中国之声《全球华语广播网》报道,昨天(7日)深夜,欧洲央行做了一个让全球市场意外的决定:维持利率不变,并称现行的“量化宽松”政策至少持续到今年的12月。不过,欧洲央行行长德拉吉在随后召开的记者会上暗示,今年秋天最快是10月,欧洲央行将就调整货币政策工具作出决定。

刚刚过去的第二季度,欧元区没有任何一个成员国产生经济负增长。意大利、法国和希腊这些传统的落后国家,似乎也在复苏的道路上平稳前进。

不过,今年以来,欧元对美元持续保持了升势,上涨了近15%,是两年多来的高点。欧元的持续走高,对于出口商来说并不是好消息,因为这意味着他们的产品对其他货币持有者来说更昂贵,从而失去竞争力,高汇率还会让进口成本降低,导致通货膨胀走弱。这也是欧洲央行最大的担忧之一。

目前,欧洲央行的基准利率已经连续19个月处在“零”历史的最低水平。这些数据似乎是宣布量化宽松政策结束的最佳时机。但是德拉吉强调说,欧元区持续的经济增长使通胀动力增强,经济整体上仍然疲弱。因此,欧洲央行仍然需保持相当程度的货币宽松力度。

从2015年年底以来,美联储采取了四次加息的措施,而欧洲央行却一直按兵不动。欧洲为什么在退出量化宽松上犹豫不定?为什么这次没有跟着美国的步伐?中国现代国际关系研究院世界经济研究所研究员陈凤英认为,欧洲对于当前的经济复苏信心仍然是不足的。“欧洲现在还在考虑一个问题,也就是经济复苏究竟是什么原因。因为它来得太快,大家在研究为什么发了这么多钱没通胀,所以有人说是人口老龄化,有人说是结构性问题发生变化。实际上我认为这是一个相对弱的需求,加上互联网经济以后,很多经济成本在下降,所以通胀就下不来。当然还有一种可能是产能过剩,它很有可能在下半年某个时间会调整,可以肯定的是明年3月量宽到了它不会再放。”

这段时间,欧元表现出了强劲的态势,持续走高。德拉吉讲话之后,欧元汇率再一次出现了拉升。陈凤英表示,欧元的强劲主要原因在于美元的贬值。“特朗普不允许美元过强,因为他要所谓的美国再平衡。所谓再平衡就是说美国要卖商品,如果美国要卖商品,那么美元必须贬值,这样美国的商品就值钱。而也有人不赞成特朗普的政策,但是他毕竟是美国的总统,他还是尊重特朗普的观点,因此他也在有意的让美元贬值。如果欧洲经济今年增长不错,跟美国基本一致,甚至比美国还好,这样欧洲会有一个欧元升值。”

与欧元类似,人民币也出现连涨的走势。从年初的6.9到昨天下午越过6.5的关口,向6.49逼近。陈凤英也认为,人民币的涨势除了美元贬值的因素外,也与中国经济向好有关。“因为中国的贸易明显好于过去几年,增长是两位数,外汇储备增加了。那么外汇储备一增加,人们心里就完全踏实了,但是我认为6到6.5,或者6.6之间波动就可以了,不要太升值。一种稳定的汇率可能对全球经济复苏、中国经济稳定的反弹都是有利的。预计可能美元底部逐步显现,全球货币包括人民币也可能升到上限。预计下半年人民币可能是6.4、6.5的比率,这样的预期居民也不需要太去抢,一抢又把人民币往上压了。现在中国的货币和国际的货币汇率整体也在一条波动线上,所以人民币未来应该说相对是稳定的。”

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