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原油 暂无明确方向

2017-09-08 09:07:04   中国经济网

9月以后汽油消费将逐渐进入淡季,随着北美原油产量的增长,库存很难持续下降,同时中国成品油需求下滑,但产油国讨论进一步延长减产又给油价带来支撑,因此预计未来油价仍将维持振荡。

美湾进入飓风多发季

8月下旬,飓风“哈维”袭击美国墨西哥湾沿岸地区,暴风以及洪水导致该地区部分炼油厂以及石油开采设施关闭。据不完全统计,美国墨西哥湾地区大约13.5%的原油产能以及约24%的炼油产能关停,原油需求下降的同时,汽油供应减少。数据显示,2016年美国墨西哥湾地区原油产量达到545.3万桶/日,占美国原油产量的61.6%,其中得克萨斯州产量为321.3万桶/日,约占美国产量的36%,而美国目前炼油总产能为1855.7万桶/日,墨西哥湾的炼油产能占美国的53%,产量占54%。目前来看,“哈维”对美湾地区的原油开采影响相对较小,对炼厂生产影响较大,这也导致近期盘面裂解价差飙升,9月初,NYMEX RBOB-WTI原油裂解价差以及ICE 柴油-Brent原油裂解价差最高分别达到27美元/桶和16美元/桶。但飓风过后,已有炼油厂恢复生产,裂解价差小幅收缩,但全部恢复生产需要数周时间,然而9月是美国海湾地区飓风多发季节,有消息称本周末飓风Irma或再度侵袭墨西哥湾地区,影响程度尚无法预测,因此预计未来一段时间裂解价差仍可能走阔。

中国终端需求放缓

美国是目前世界上最大的原油消费国,消费量在世界消费中占比达到20%左右,但由于美国经济长期保持较低的增长速度,石油需求增长持续放缓。今年以来,美国炼厂原油加工量持续走高,4—8月炼厂加工量持续上升并远高于历史同期水平。但与往年相比,终端需求并不尽如人意,无论是原油消费还是成品油消费均未有明显增长。9月以后,随着夏季出行旺季的结束,消费数据很难再有增长,同时库存下降趋势也难以持续。

作为世界第二大原油消费国,中国需求一直较为强劲。今年1—7月,中国原油进口量同比增长11.8%,一方面源于需求,另一方面源于我国原油进口权和使用权的放开使得国内地炼企业加快原油进口步伐,原油进口量延续较快的增速。但当前成品油消费却不尽如人意,1—7月我国汽油消费累计同比仅增长1.2%,汽油消费增速出现明显放缓;柴油消费累计同比增长1.3%,虽然好于去年,但低于前年水平。与此同时,目前国内炼油能力持续过剩,加之需求不及预期,导致当前我国成品油市场过剩较为严重,并促使我国在近两年加快成品油出口步伐,1—7月中国成品油累计出口量达到2821万吨,累计同比增长8.4%。

产油国讨论进一步延长减产协议

今年1月开始,产油国减产协议进入到实施阶段,OPEC成员国减产情况也超出市场预期,减产执行率在90%以上,同时在5月底产油国就延长减产协议至明年3月达成一致。根据OPEC的数据,今年一季度OPEC原油产量呈下降趋势,但近几个月由于利比亚及尼日利亚产量的恢复导致OPEC原油产量再度增长,超过3200万桶/日,减产执行率有所下降。此外,有消息称美国正考虑对委内瑞拉能源业实施制裁,委内瑞拉是仅次于加拿大和沙特的美国第三大石油供应国,但近几年美国从委内瑞拉进口的石油量大幅下降,目前美国进口的石油中约10%来自委内瑞拉,而对委内瑞拉来说,美国则是它最大的原油购买国。另外,产油国正在讨论进一步延长减产协议至明年6月,因油价并未达到产油国预期水平,同时北美页岩油产量的增长在一定程度上抵消了产油国的减产。

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