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加快服务化步伐提升制造业竞争力
2017-09-08 08:32:16 中国青年网
□林风霞
制造业服务化是制造企业适应新的竞争环境,由提供单一产品为主向提供产品和服务并重转变的过程。随着微利时代的到来以及企业对“以客户为中心”重要性认识的加深,服务成为全球制造业竞争的新焦点,越来越多的制造企业加大了在市场调查、研发设计、销售及售后服务等服务增值环节的投入。长期以来,大多数河南制造企业依靠低成本取胜,服务性投入不高,导致需要依赖服务性投入所形成的技术、品牌、营销、管理、人才等核心能力普遍不强,服务性产出层次偏低,服务业务收入在企业主营业务收入中比重不高,对企业盈利能力和发展空间形成不利影响。因此,在我国生产成本居高不下、生产型制造的利润空间越来越薄的背景下,河南要加快制造业服务化转型,推动制造企业培育竞争优势、拓展发展空间、提升产业竞争力。
服务化模式呈多样化特点
河南制造业服务化转型起始于中信重工、郑煤机等传统装备制造行业,但随着市场竞争日益激烈,服务化成为制造企业不得不关注的课题。为促进生产型制造加快向服务型制造转变,我省发布了《河南省发展服务型制造专项行动指南(2017-2020)》。在市场需求和政策的双重推动下,越来越多制造企业制定了服务化战略,开始服务化转型的实践探索。目前,河南几乎在每个制造领域都有服务化转型成功的企业。作为企业创造差异化优势的工具,服务已经成为一些企业的收入增长点和利润来源。随着转型主体迅速增加、服务性投入加大和服务收入增长,河南制造业服务化整体上呈现加速发展态势。
近年来,河南制造企业逐步由提供产品使用培训、调试安装、售后维修等初级服务向提供设备全生命周期管理、客户产品设计、系统解决方案、工程总承包、电商平台等高级服务拓展,服务业态呈现多元化和高级化,这对企业技术创新、人才支撑、管理等能力提出了更高要求。
由于行业特点、产品复杂度、企业规模大小以及核心能力等不同,不同企业服务性投入的着力点不同,服务化模式也存在很大差异。河南一些企业在服务化转型中坚持创新发展理念,服务化模式呈现多样化特点,如以大信整体厨房科贸有限公司智能化个性化定制为代表的信息增值服务模式,以中航光电整套连接器应用解决方案为代表的总集成服务模式,以森源电气综合型电气工程建设为代表的工程总承包服务模式,以宇通客车全生命周期成本管理营销服务为代表的全生命周期管理模式,以鲜易供应链公司的专业服务平台为代表的供应链管理模式等。
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