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德化碑: 刻在石头上的南诏史
2017-09-08 08:31:46 中国青年网
李成生
大理市太和村西面的南诏太和城遗址内,矗立着一块黑色的古碑——“南诏德化碑”,被誉为“云南第一碑”。碑高3.97米,宽2.27米,厚0.58米。正面刻碑文40行,约三千八百余字,目前仅存256字。碑阴刻书41行,详列南诏清平官、大将军、六曹长等职衔和姓名,碑文存800余字。碑文相传为南诏清平官郑回所撰,唐流寓南诏御史杜光庭书写,主要颂扬阁罗凤的文治武功,并叙述了南诏、唐朝和吐蕃间的关系,以及历次战争的缘由和经过,痛陈迫于唐将淫威不得不兴兵反唐的原委和期望修好附唐的心曲。该碑对研究云南民族史、西藏地方史都是宝贵的实物资料,被列为全国重点文物保护单位。
碑立于唐“天宝战争”之后,当时南诏国主阁罗凤在太和城全歼唐军。碑文气势宏达,文藻斐然,才思超绝,是滇碑中难得的妙文。书法挺劲秀逸、朴茂可爱,是滇碑中难得的妙品,非才情高远者不能胜任。
阁罗凤是一个有眼光的政治家,从南诏的根本利益考虑,不愿长期与唐为敌,将唐军阵亡将士的遗骸收葬建成一座“大唐天宝战士冢”,岁时祝祭。另于苍山斜阳峰麓修建“唐李公之庙”(李宓),为以后南诏与唐修好奠定了基础。
《德化碑》广泛记载了南诏时代云南的诸多史迹,如城廓建置、职官体制、农田水利以及养马、采矿、纺织等业,甚至连温泉疗疾这样的细琐之事也有载述,因此,它是研究南诏历史、经济、政治、军事、文化、风俗以及民族关系的第一手材料,弥补了许多正史的不足。
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