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不毛之山长出不平凡之果

2017-09-08 08:16:46   中国青年网

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10年前,平果县太平镇农民陆永文几乎每天都会到自家地里浇浇水、施施肥、除除草、剪剪枝。一年累到头,几亩耕地根本收不了多少农作物,更不用说赚上多少钱——因为他们村的“耕地”,绝大部分面积都是“冰山露出尖尖角”的石头。

“九分石头一分土,寸土寸金水如油”,这是平果县石漠化地区的真实写照。该县总人口52万,其中超过六成人口生活在大石山区。平果县15.6485万公顷岩溶土地面积中,石漠化土地8.3368万公顷,占53.3%。

多年来,平果县因地制宜,科学治理,狠抓落实,石漠化山区逐步变成了宜居宜耕种之地。

多方合力治顽疾

为加强石漠化综合治理工作,平果县设立石漠化综合治理工作领导小组,协调项目实施过程中出现的问题和矛盾。项目乡镇也相应成立领导机构。县里把石漠化综合治理列入政府年度综合考核内容,并与相关县直部门和乡镇签订责任书,主要领导亲自抓,分管领导具体抓,一级抓一级,层层抓落实。

平果县建立责任制度,县发展改革局负责工程建设综合协调,农业、林业、水利、畜牧等部门负责技术指导、检查与成效监测,财政、审计部门负责工程资金使用监管,监察部门负责对工程建设实施效能监察,项目所在各乡镇负责组织项目区群众投工投劳,参与工程建设,落实后期管护责任,确保工程发挥效益。项目资金集中管理、统一使用、分类报账,严禁挤占、截留、挪用或改变用途。

林业科技显威力

平果县以林业科技推动石漠化治理,先后开展“广西岩溶地区树种选择及栽培模式研究与示范”“桂西南石漠化治理树种选择及复合栽培研究”“广西岩溶地区优良树种及其高效栽培模式推广示范”等科学研究和示范推广项目。

在太平镇临林村,平果县建立了3个经营类型8个复合栽培模式。复合栽培模式包括落叶与常绿树种复合、林与药复合、林与牧草复合等栽培类型。

项目实施以来,临林村根据各栽培模式林木生长量、经济价值、木材或原料提供能力等,筛选出3种优良栽培模式。其中,“任豆+降香黄檀复合栽培模式”可以获得珍贵用材,提高植被覆盖率,增强水土保持能力,具有良好的生态效益并产生较好的经济效益,农民参与积极性高。“任豆+苏木复合栽培模式”具有长短结合的特点,用材与药材复合栽培类型市场发展前景广阔。

象草是热带和亚热带地区的多年生高产牧草,柔软多汁,适口性好,利用率高。平果县利用象草的这一特性,摸索出“任豆+象草复合栽培模式”,成为石漠化地区生态治理与发展经济相结合的新途径,为林业与畜牧业协调发展树立了典范。

探索致富新模式

平果县以“遏制石漠化,改善生态环境”为重点,加快综合治理步伐,实施“25度坡以下退耕还林,25度坡以上封山育林”的营林模式。

通过封山育林和人工造林相结合,配套进行沼气池、人工种草、畜牧圈养、生态公益林、小流域水土保持、坡改梯等生态保护和退耕还林等重点生态工程建设,减少畜牧放养和人为砍伐等对山林的破坏,逐步改善石漠化地区的森林结构。

在汤那村,黄胎火龙果基地通过实施坡改梯、田间道等项目,成功打造火龙果绿色品牌。目前,基地种植火龙果1000亩,产值300万元,仅此一项年人均纯收入就可增加1800元。平果把火龙果种植推广至全县29个大石山区,使之成为当地脱贫致富的主导产业。经过多年治理,项目区有林面积增加166.7公顷,森林覆盖率由原来的48.8%提高到62.04%。

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