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戏曲名家与青年演员联袂拼出看家戏

2017-09-08 07:42:20   央广网

京剧《谢瑶环》剧照李春来摄

“制止豪强严法制,使耕者得田饥得食。那时节江南江北皆春意,笙歌一片颂明时。”近日,国家京剧院复排剧目《谢瑶环》在北京中国评剧大剧院演出。

两场演出气氛热烈,谢瑶环时而是情意绵绵的婀娜少女,时而是惩奸除恶的正义英雄,观众沉浸在曲折的故事和精湛表演中,深深折服于京剧的魅力。

京剧《谢瑶环》是国家京剧院经典保留剧目,由剧作家田汉1961年从碗碗腔《女巡按》移植而来,由京剧表演艺术家杜近芳1962年首演。此次复排,京剧表演艺术家杜近芳、叶少兰担任艺术指导,国家一级演员吕昆山担任复排导演,优秀青年演员付佳、张兵担纲主演。两位青年演员分别是杜近芳、叶少兰的弟子,《谢瑶环》也是继《白蛇传》《柳荫记》之后,二位老师亲授爱徒的第三出大戏。三出经典剧目,尽展艺术传承。

杜近芳对《谢瑶环》有深刻的理解和把握,她将剧情概括为“反腐倡廉、退耕还田、安居乐业、国泰民安”,将主人公谢瑶环最突出的特点概括为“为民请命、忠诚不怕死”。“演戏必须要把剧本情节吃透,把人物特点和人物关系抓准,据此设计唱腔、身段,表演才能准确,才能和整出戏统一。”杜近芳说。杜近芳给付佳说戏也遵循这样的思路。付佳说:“师傅说戏,首先为我剖析剧中的每一个人物,跟我分享她塑造、演绎这个人物的心得,然后才说具体的表演,对唱腔、身段的每一个细节都亲自示范,并且让我录下来,反复揣摩。”

《谢瑶环》的表演对青衣演员来说难度很大,剧中谢瑶环巡按江南、女扮男装,改名谢仲举,有大量青衣反串小生的戏份。此前,付佳在学习、演出《柳荫记》时接触过小生行当,有一定基础,但《谢瑶环》中的小生又与《柳荫记》中的区别很大。“谢仲举是朝廷官员,脚步、身段等都要更有分量。《谢瑶环》中要唱【娃娃调】【高拨子】,都是我过去没唱过的。”付佳说。排练中,付佳除了向老师请教,也会跟自己的搭档、工小生行当的张兵切磋。

小生的台步怎么走,端蟒、端带的身段怎么做等,张兵都会跟付佳交流,经过《白蛇传》《谢瑶环》的磨合,二人配合已经相当默契,每次排练过后,他们总会一起商量,调整表演细节。

为了学好、演好《谢瑶环》,张兵往师傅叶少兰家里跑了十几趟。尽管叶少兰待人很平和,但张兵见了师傅还是会紧张。“师傅对细节要求非常严格,一个出场,迈多大的步子、走几步,都有严格要求。”张兵说,“同时,师傅注重分析人物,启发我把握人物的特点。”张兵感到,《谢瑶环》中袁行健心怀大志、极富正义感,敢于打抱不平,因此他的唱念都要刚一些,甚至带一点武气,要与《柳荫记》中儒雅的梁山伯区别开来。

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