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驱动科技创新 要“双手协调”
2017-09-08 07:31:46 中国青年网
创新是推动一个国家和民族向前发展的重要力量,也是推动整个人类社会向前发展的重要力量。面对全球新一轮科技革命与产业变革的重大机遇和挑战,面对经济发展新常态下的趋势变化和特点,深化体制机制改革,加快实施创新驱动发展战略,乃大势所趋。在这一过程中,理顺政府和市场“两只手”的关系,让“有形之手”与“无形之手”各就其位、互为配合,才能真正实现创新驱动发展。
(一)
当前,我国科技创新已步入以跟踪为主转向跟踪和并跑、领跑并存的新阶段。加快实施创新驱动发展战略,就是要破除一切制约创新的思想障碍和制度藩篱,提升劳动、信息、知识、技术、管理、资本的效率和效益,激发全社会创新活力和创造潜能。如何做到这一点,需要发动市场和政府两个引擎,理顺政府和市场“两只手”的关系。党的十八届三中全会提出了塑造有为政府与有效市场的新命题,清晰界定了政府与市场的边界,对政府和市场在驱动科技创新中的作用作出了明确定位。一方面,利用好市场引擎,就是要让市场机制充分发挥引导资源配置的决定性作用,充分发挥企业作为创新主体的作用;另一方面,发挥政府的引擎作用,就是要根据经济发展的不同阶段,与时俱进地改变政府发挥作用的重点和方式。综合来看,在市场作用和政府作用的问题上,要讲辩证法、两点论,“看不见的手”和“看得见的手”都要用好,努力形成市场作用和政府作用有机统一、相互补充、相互协调、相互促进的格局,推动科技创新战略持续健康发展。
在科技创新活动中,由于市场和政府的边界不够清晰,功能不够明确,因此导致大量问题的出现。比如,一些地方和部门未将市场和企业置于资源配置和产业竞争的主体地位,过多地直接介入微观的发展过程。在科技创新活动中,市场并没有发挥出配置资源的决定性作用。在科技资源配置方面,还存在着简单套用行政预算和财务管理办法来管理科技资源的做法;在推进重大科技决策方面,还存在部门领导拍脑袋、科技专家看眼色行事等问题。这些问题的出现,根源是政府和市场边界不清,因此,解决问题的出路还在于如何处理好“两只手”的关系,让两只手更好地协调发展。
(二)
在驱动科技创新战略中,需要遵循科技创新活动规律,理顺市场和政府关系,发挥市场配置资源的决定性作用和更好发挥政府作用,充分实现“有为政府”和“有效市场”的协调发展。
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