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九十七岁的一线教师

2017-09-08 04:11:44   中国青年网

【身边的“四有”好老师】

夏夜,在厦门市前埔南区的一个老者家里,十几个人正围坐一室,就欧洲高等教育研究这一话题进行交流和探讨。沙龙的主人——我国著名教育家、厦大教育研究院名誉院长潘懋元,坐在离门最远的沙发上,静静地倾听着年轻学生们的观点,不时也发表自己的看法。

只要不出差,32年来的每周六晚,潘懋元的“家庭沙龙”都会在自家客厅上演。来参加沙龙,已成为学生们来厦大教育研究院求学的“固定节目”。沙龙只是潘懋元育人的一个“战场”。潘懋元从15岁开始教书,时至今日,97岁的他依然躬耕在教书、育人、科研的第一线。他常说:“我一生最欣慰的是,我的名字排在教师的行列里。”

敢为天下先

20世纪50年代初,我国高等教育的发展需要完整的理论来支撑。那时,刚过而立之年的潘懋元,在厦门大学讲授教育学并负责教务行政工作。他敏锐地认识到,忽视高等教育的特点、硬把普通教育理论搬到高等教育中行不通,必须建立有别于普通教育学的高等教育理论。

1978年,他在《光明日报》上号召“开展高等教育理论的研究”,在《厦门大学学报》发表文章,提出“高等教育”学科一系列需要研究和改革的问题,首次向人们展示了高等教育科学广阔的研究领域和发展前景。1978年5月,我国首个以高等教育为研究对象的专门机构——厦门大学高等教育科学研究室正式成立。这时,距潘懋元把“高等教育”搬上讲台已过去了22个春秋。

1986年,66岁的潘懋元应邀去日本参加研讨会。听了与会欧美高校代表关于民办高校情况的报告后,他眼前一亮,脑中闪出一个想法:中国能否发展好民办教育?提出这个问题在当时需要一定勇气。那时对于所有制问题的探讨还比较敏感,在教育这个行业里搞“私有制”,怕是很多人会跳起来反对。为了说服反对者,潘懋元采取了迂回策略。他对西方国家私立高校进行了深入研究,又认真钻研了国家政策和改革倾向,于1987年初发表文章,首先破解了发展民办高校的理论难题,为当时刚萌芽的民办高等教育提供了有力的理论支持。

以实践检验理论

“高等教育学不是一门纯理论学科,而是应用性的社会科学。”对于高等教育学的学科性质,潘懋元有着很清晰的认识。经过深入思考和研究,1980年在湖南大学讲课时,潘懋元正式提出教育有两条基本规律,一条是外部关系规律,一条是内部关系规律,并指出两条规律密切关联,相互作用。直至今日,这一理论还是高等教育研究的理论指导。

“实践”也是潘懋元教学中的一个重要环节。他创建了“自学—研究—教学实习”三结合的研究生培养模式。在前两个环节,学生不是放任式学习,而是带着潘懋元安排的题目进行学习和研究。“教学实习”环节,则让大家把学习心得拿到课堂上讲,其他同学来评析,并随之展开讨论。由于成效显著,这一教学模式被推广至校外。2001年该成果获得国家级教学成果一等奖。

学生的航标和榜样

在厦大教育研究院学生们的眼中,潘懋元不仅是一个“传道授业解惑”的师者,还是自己为人的航标和榜样。大家都记得潘懋元常说的那句话:“导师对学生在专业知识上的具体帮助不是最重要的,重要的是方向上的指引、方法上的点拨及人格上的影响。”

虽身为高等教育领域的“泰斗”,但潘懋元从不摆架子。新生入学第一课,听到潘懋元的第一句话就是韩愈《师说》中的“弟子不必不如师,师不必贤于弟子,闻道有先后,术业有专攻,如是而已”。他以此主张平等和谐的师生关系,鼓励学生在学术问题上展开论争。

(作者:本报记者 马跃华)

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