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莫言的“读者观”

2017-09-08 04:01:58   中国青年网

许民彤

距离获诺贝尔文学奖已有5年,莫言终于在读者的“千呼万唤”中携新作归来。新鲜出炉的《人民文学》杂志首次开设“莫言新作”专栏,发表了他的戏曲文学剧本和诗歌作品。而他的另外3篇短篇小说也将于9月中旬刊于《收获》杂志。莫言说:“2012年获奖之后,我就没有在刊物上发表过作品。其实我一直在写,写完以后还是想放一下,尽量打磨得让自己满意一点儿,希望让读者也比较满意。”

对莫言即将出版的小说里,描写了“一种绿狗”的形象,有读者表示不解,莫言解释说:“我记得有一个小说里,一个孩子问母亲要一匹马,母亲问他要什么样的马,孩子说要一匹绿马。母亲说,这个世界上有白马有黑马,但就是没有绿马呀。但孩子一定要绿马。我想说的是,作者有时是会与生活作对的,无论是绿狗还是绿马,都是想让读者感到与常识的冲突。作者有时是会带着儿童的执拗和恶作剧的心情。”

文学作者的创作任务,是在其作品中,尽可能提供丰富的社会生活经验,给予读者独特鲜活的审美感受和情感体验,这就像莫言所说:“作者有时是会与生活作对的,无论是绿狗还是绿马,都是想让读者感到与常识的冲突。”向读者提供更多的文学经验和丰富的生活想象力,笔者以为这就是莫言的“让读者比较满意”的一部分含义。

莫言获得“诺奖”后,他的文学写作是否该趋向国际化、世界化,也成了一些评论者和读者的疑虑,“您得了诺贝尔文学奖之后是否会感到应该对读者负责,特别是对外国的读者?”

但莫言回答说:“我们总会说写作的时候要忘掉读者,毕竟读者成千上万,过多地考虑如何去适应读者的口味,会让作者变得无所适从……不过,我首先考虑的也是我们本国的读者。”

看似简单,实际上是表明了莫言作为中国作家的自己的身份归属、民族归属、精神归属,只有扎根在自己的国家民族的生活土壤中,才能安心地写出自己的作品,写出好作品,也才能“让读者满意”。

为自己内心而创作,还是考虑读者的喜好,常常令一些文学作者困惑。文学创作固然是个性化、私人化和独特化的,但是,作家与读者的关系、文学与读者的关系,却也不容忽视。从根本上来说,文学就是一种寻求认同的事业,文学作品需要被读者认同、被时代关注,“伟大的作品是在作家的案头诞生,更是在读者的阅读中生长。”

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