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市场对锂的需求或将大幅增长 专家称它将成为新型能源

2017-09-07 19:06:45   央广网

央广网北京9月7日消息(记者张奥实习记者于洋罗月言)据经济之声《天下公司》报道,在地球上有这样一群人,他们精通地质学,见证大宗矿产市场的起起落落,并试图分一杯羹,他们带着家人和团队四处找矿脉,然后向当地政府申请矿业权,然后就等着中型、大型公司找上门来,租赁他们的采矿权。今年55岁的约翰·拉德就是其中之一,加拿大的铜、德克萨斯的银、墨西哥的金、亚利桑那的铁、犹他州的铀,他都参与寻矿。

最近约翰·拉德盯上的年轻且极具潜力的金属锂,它能够做手机、笔记本电脑、特斯拉等新能源电动车的电池。据德意志银行推测,未来几年市场对于锂的需求将出现60%-250%的增长。

锂是怎样一种金属?它在全球的分布又是怎样?国土资源部矿产资源研究所王登红研究员针对相关问题作出了解答。

经济之声:锂有哪些特质?

王登红:“锂在化学元素周期表里是排在前面的金属元素,氢氦锂铍。它是自然界里最轻的金属,性质比较活跃,原子结构最外层的电子比较容易活动出来,所以对发电很有意义、用处广泛。也是因为元素太活跃,所以以前没有很好的技术将它控制起来,现在的技术已经发展的较为成熟,它可以用来制造各种锂电池,手机、电脑都离不开锂电池。它的质量很轻,储藏能量产生能量都很强,更重要的锂有两个同位素,Li-6和Li-7。Li-6是用来做原子弹、氢弹的原料,锂也被称为能源金属。它和铀是一样的,铀是核裂变产生巨大的能量,锂通过核聚变产生能量,一个是原子弹的原料,一个是氢弹的原料,氢弹的爆炸威力更强,现在氢弹还不能用于民用。科学家正在研究而且进展很快,国际上预计再有二三十年有可能变成专业化的一种模式,也就是说,如果氢弹能够用于民用发电,它的能量是很了不得的。像美国,20公斤锂可以马满足8万户家庭一年的用电量。它的发电站我们叫可控核聚变,可以是移动式的,可以做得很小,放在卡车上就可以运着走,也是比较安全的、无污染的,不但可以用于各种冶金材料,也可用于发电。”

经济之声看来锂不仅可以储存电,未来甚至可以用于民用发电,怎么找到它?

王登红:“主要来源于两种途径,一个是岩石,像南美和智利在岩石里面提取锂,中国青海的岩石锂资源也是非常丰富的,但是岩石锂资源杂质较多,提取的难度较大,固体的岩石里花岗岩里的锂灰石来提取锂,锂的另一个用途就是Li-6可以用于制造氢弹,这里的Li-6比岩石里的含量要高,所以战略意义更加巨大。提纯以后的1吨金属锂可以卖到70、80万元钱,开矿的效益很好,国家或者国外去年找到了不少的资源。我们自己做的项目从2011年开始设立了稀有金属的调查,锂也是稀有金属,调查项目在四川等地取得了很好的效果。”

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